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61
01.md
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ NIP-01
Basic protocol flow description
-------------------------------
`draft` `mandatory` `author:fiatjaf` `author:distbit` `author:scsibug` `author:kukks` `author:jb55` `author:semisol` `author:cameri` `author:Giszmo`
`draft` `mandatory`
This NIP defines the basic protocol that should be implemented by everybody. New NIPs may add new optional (or mandatory) fields and messages and features to the structures and flows described here.
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Each user has a keypair. Signatures, public key, and encodings are done accordin
The only object type that exists is the `event`, which has the following format on the wire:
```json
```jsonc
{
"id": <32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded sha256 of the serialized event data>,
"pubkey": <32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded public key of the event creator>,
@ -22,16 +22,16 @@ The only object type that exists is the `event`, which has the following format
"kind": <integer between 0 and 65535>,
"tags": [
[<arbitrary string>...],
...
// ...
],
"content": <arbitrary string>,
"sig": <64-bytes lowercase hex of the signature of the sha256 hash of the serialized event data, which is the same as the "id" field>
}
```
To obtain the `event.id`, we `sha256` the serialized event. The serialization is done over the UTF-8 JSON-serialized string (with no white space or line breaks) of the following structure:
To obtain the `event.id`, we `sha256` the serialized event. The serialization is done over the UTF-8 JSON-serialized string (which is described below) of the following structure:
```json
```
[
0,
<pubkey, as a lowercase hex string>,
@ -42,21 +42,32 @@ To obtain the `event.id`, we `sha256` the serialized event. The serialization is
]
```
To prevent implementation differences from creating a different event ID for the same event, the following rules MUST be followed while serializing:
- No whitespace, line breaks or other unnecessary formatting should be included in the output JSON.
- No characters except the following should be escaped, and instead should be included verbatim:
- A line break, `0x0A`, as `\n`
- A double quote, `0x22`, as `\"`
- A backslash, `0x5C`, as `\\`
- A carriage return, `0x0D`, as `\r`
- A tab character, `0x09`, as `\t`
- A backspace, `0x08`, as `\b`
- A form feed, `0x0C`, as `\f`
- UTF-8 should be used for encoding.
### Tags
Each tag is an array of strings of arbitrary size, with some conventions around them. Take a look at the example below:
```json
```jsonc
{
...,
"tags": [
["e", "5c83da77af1dec6d7289834998ad7aafbd9e2191396d75ec3cc27f5a77226f36", "wss://nostr.example.com"],
["p", "f7234bd4c1394dda46d09f35bd384dd30cc552ad5541990f98844fb06676e9ca"],
["a", "30023:f7234bd4c1394dda46d09f35bd384dd30cc552ad5541990f98844fb06676e9ca:abcd", "wss://nostr.example.com"],
["alt", "reply"],
...
// ...
],
...
// ...
}
```
@ -82,40 +93,38 @@ Kinds specify how clients should interpret the meaning of each event and the oth
And also a convention for kind ranges that allow for easier experimentation and flexibility of relay implementation:
- for kind `n` such that `1000 <= n < 10000`, events are **regular**, which means they're all expected to be stored by relays.
- for kind `n` such that `10000 <= n < 20000 || n == 0 || n == 3`, events are **replaceable**, which means that, for each combination of `pubkey` and `kind`, only the latest event is expected to (SHOULD) be stored by relays, older versions are expected to be discarded.
- for kind `n` such that `10000 <= n < 20000 || n == 0 || n == 3`, events are **replaceable**, which means that, for each combination of `pubkey` and `kind`, only the latest event MUST be stored by relays, older versions MAY be discarded.
- for kind `n` such that `20000 <= n < 30000`, events are **ephemeral**, which means they are not expected to be stored by relays.
- for kind `n` such that `30000 <= n < 40000`, events are **parameterized replaceable**, which means that, for each combination of `pubkey`, `kind` and the `d` tag's first value, only the latest event is expected to be stored by relays, older versions are expected to be discarded.
- for kind `n` such that `30000 <= n < 40000`, events are **parameterized replaceable**, which means that, for each combination of `pubkey`, `kind` and the `d` tag's first value, only the latest event MUST be stored by relays, older versions MAY be discarded.
In case of replaceable events with the same timestamp, the event with the lowest id (first in lexical order) should be retained, and the other discarded.
When answering to `REQ` messages for replaceable events such as `{"kinds":[0],"authors":[<hex-key>]}`, even if the relay has more than one version stored, it SHOULD return just the latest one.
These are just conventions and relay implementations may differ.
## Communication between clients and relays
Relays expose a websocket endpoint to which clients can connect. Clients SHOULD open a single websocket connection to each relay and use it for all their subscriptions. Relays MAY limit number of connections from specific IP/client/etc.
### Meaning of WebSocket status codes
- When a websocket is closed by the relay with a status code `4000` that means the client shouldn't try to connect again.
### From client to relay: sending events and creating subscriptions
Clients can send 3 types of messages, which must be JSON arrays, according to the following patterns:
* `["EVENT", <event JSON as defined above>]`, used to publish events.
* `["REQ", <subscription_id>, <filters JSON>...]`, used to request events and subscribe to new updates.
* `["REQ", <subscription_id>, <filters1>, <filters2>, ...]`, used to request events and subscribe to new updates.
* `["CLOSE", <subscription_id>]`, used to stop previous subscriptions.
`<subscription_id>` is an arbitrary, non-empty string of max length 64 chars, that should be used to represent a subscription. Relays should manage `<subscription_id>`s independently for each WebSocket connection; even if `<subscription_id>`s are the same string, they should be treated as different subscriptions for different connections.
`<subscription_id>` is an arbitrary, non-empty string of max length 64 chars. It represents a subscription per connection. Relays MUST manage `<subscription_id>`s independently for each WebSocket connection. `<subscription_id>`s are not guaranteed to be globally unique.
`<filters>` is a JSON object that determines what events will be sent in that subscription, it can have the following attributes:
`<filtersX>` is a JSON object that determines what events will be sent in that subscription, it can have the following attributes:
```json
{
"ids": <a list of event ids>,
"authors": <a list of lowercase pubkeys, the pubkey of an event must be one of these>,
"kinds": <a list of a kind numbers>,
"#<single-letter (a-zA-Z)>": <a list of tag values, for #e — a list of event ids, for #p — a list of event pubkeys etc>,
"#<single-letter (a-zA-Z)>": <a list of tag values, for #e — a list of event ids, for #p — a list of pubkeys, etc.>,
"since": <an integer unix timestamp in seconds, events must be newer than this to pass>,
"until": <an integer unix timestamp in seconds, events must be older than this to pass>,
"limit": <maximum number of events relays SHOULD return in the initial query>
@ -138,24 +147,30 @@ The `limit` property of a filter is only valid for the initial query and MUST be
### From relay to client: sending events and notices
Relays can send 4 types of messages, which must also be JSON arrays, according to the following patterns:
Relays can send 5 types of messages, which must also be JSON arrays, according to the following patterns:
* `["EVENT", <subscription_id>, <event JSON as defined above>]`, used to send events requested by clients.
* `["OK", <event_id>, <true|false>, <message>]`, used to indicate acceptance or denial of an `EVENT` message.
* `["EOSE", <subscription_id>]`, used to indicate the _end of stored events_ and the beginning of events newly received in real-time.
* `["CLOSED", <subscription_id>, <message>]`, used to indicate that a subscription was ended on the server side.
* `["NOTICE", <message>]`, used to send human-readable error messages or other things to clients.
This NIP defines no rules for how `NOTICE` messages should be sent or treated.
- `EVENT` messages MUST be sent only with a subscription ID related to a subscription previously initiated by the client (using the `REQ` message above).
- `OK` messages MUST be sent in response to `EVENT` messages received from clients, they must have the 3rd parameter set to `true` when an event has been accepted by the relay, `false` otherwise. The 4th parameter MAY be empty when the 3rd is `true`, otherwise it MUST be a string containing a machine-readable single-word prefix followed by a `:` and then a human-readable message. The standardized machine-readable prefixes are: `duplicate`, `pow`, `blocked`, `rate-limited`, `invalid`, and `error` for when none of that fits. Some examples:
- `OK` messages MUST be sent in response to `EVENT` messages received from clients, they must have the 3rd parameter set to `true` when an event has been accepted by the relay, `false` otherwise. The 4th parameter MUST always be present, but MAY be an empty string when the 3rd is `true`, otherwise it MUST be a string formed by a machine-readable single-word prefix followed by a `:` and then a human-readable message. Some examples:
* `["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", true, ""]`
* `["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", true, "pow: difficulty 25>=24"]`
* `["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", true, "duplicate: already have this event"]`
* `["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", false, "blocked: you are banned from posting here"]`
* `["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", false, "blocked: please register your pubkey at https://my-expensive-relay.example.com"]`
* `["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", false, "rate-limited: slow down there chief"]`
* `["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", false, "invalid: event creation date is too far off from the current time. Is your system clock in sync?"]`
* `["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", false, "invalid: event creation date is too far off from the current time"]`
* `["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", false, "pow: difficulty 26 is less than 30"]`
* `["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", false, "error: could not connect to the database"]`
- `CLOSED` messages MUST be sent in response to a `REQ` when the relay refuses to fulfill it. It can also be sent when a relay decides to kill a subscription on its side before a client has disconnected or sent a `CLOSE`. This message uses the same pattern of `OK` messages with the machine-readable prefix and human-readable message. Some examples:
* `["CLOSED", "sub1", "duplicate: sub1 already opened"]`
* `["CLOSED", "sub1", "unsupported: filter contains unknown elements"]`
* `["CLOSED", "sub1", "error: could not connect to the database"]`
* `["CLOSED", "sub1", "error: shutting down idle subscription"]`
- The standardized machine-readable prefixes for `OK` and `CLOSED` are: `duplicate`, `pow`, `blocked`, `rate-limited`, `invalid`, and `error` for when none of that fits.

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@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
NIP-02
======
Contact List and Petnames
-------------------------
Follow List
-----------
`final` `optional` `author:fiatjaf` `author:arcbtc`
`final` `optional`
A special event with kind `3`, meaning "contact list" is defined as having a list of `p` tags, one for each of the followed/known profiles one is following.
A special event with kind `3`, meaning "follow list" is defined as having a list of `p` tags, one for each of the followed/known profiles one is following.
Each tag entry should contain the key for the profile, a relay URL where events from that key can be found (can be set to an empty string if not needed), and a local name (or "petname") for that profile (can also be set to an empty string or not provided), i.e., `["p", <32-bytes hex key>, <main relay URL>, <petname>]`. The `content` can be anything and should be ignored.
@ -25,27 +25,29 @@ For example:
}
```
Every new contact list that gets published overwrites the past ones, so it should contain all entries. Relays and clients SHOULD delete past contact lists as soon as they receive a new one.
Every new following list that gets published overwrites the past ones, so it should contain all entries. Relays and clients SHOULD delete past following lists as soon as they receive a new one.
Whenever new follows are added to an existing list, clients SHOULD append them to the end of the list, so they are stored in chronological order.
## Uses
### Contact list backup
### Follow list backup
If one believes a relay will store their events for sufficient time, they can use this kind-3 event to backup their following list and recover on a different device.
### Profile discovery and context augmentation
A client may rely on the kind-3 event to display a list of followed people by profiles one is browsing; make lists of suggestions on who to follow based on the contact lists of other people one might be following or browsing; or show the data in other contexts.
A client may rely on the kind-3 event to display a list of followed people by profiles one is browsing; make lists of suggestions on who to follow based on the follow lists of other people one might be following or browsing; or show the data in other contexts.
### Relay sharing
A client may publish a full list of contacts with good relays for each of their contacts so other clients may use these to update their internal relay lists if needed, increasing censorship-resistance.
A client may publish a follow list with good relays for each of their follows so other clients may use these to update their internal relay lists if needed, increasing censorship-resistance.
### Petname scheme
The data from these contact lists can be used by clients to construct local ["petname"](http://www.skyhunter.com/marcs/petnames/IntroPetNames.html) tables derived from other people's contact lists. This alleviates the need for global human-readable names. For example:
The data from these follow lists can be used by clients to construct local ["petname"](http://www.skyhunter.com/marcs/petnames/IntroPetNames.html) tables derived from other people's follow lists. This alleviates the need for global human-readable names. For example:
A user has an internal contact list that says
A user has an internal follow list that says
```json
[
@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ A user has an internal contact list that says
]
```
And receives two contact lists, one from `21df6d143fb96c2ec9d63726bf9edc71` that says
And receives two follow lists, one from `21df6d143fb96c2ec9d63726bf9edc71` that says
```json
[

31
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@ -4,20 +4,31 @@ NIP-03
OpenTimestamps Attestations for Events
--------------------------------------
`draft` `optional` `author:fiatjaf`
`draft` `optional`
When there is an OTS available it MAY be included in the existing event body under the `ots` key:
This NIP defines an event with `kind:1040` that can contain an [OpenTimestamps](https://opentimestamps.org/) proof for any other event:
```
```json
{
"id": ...,
"kind": ...,
...,
...,
"ots": <base64-encoded OTS file data>
"kind": 1040
"tags": [
["e", <event-id>, <relay-url>],
["alt", "opentimestamps attestation"]
],
"content": <base64-encoded OTS file data>
}
```
The _event id_ MUST be used as the raw hash to be included in the OpenTimestamps merkle tree.
- The OpenTimestamps proof MUST prove the referenced `e` event id as its digest.
- The `content` MUST be the full content of an `.ots` file containing at least one Bitcoin attestation. This file SHOULD contain a **single** Bitcoin attestation (as not more than one valid attestation is necessary and less bytes is better than more) and no reference to "pending" attestations since they are useless in this context.
The attestation can be either provided by relays automatically (and the OTS binary contents just appended to the events it receives) or by clients themselves when they first upload the event to relays — and used by clients to show that an event is really "at least as old as [OTS date]".
### Example OpenTimestamps proof verification flow
Using [`nak`](https://github.com/fiatjaf/nak), [`jq`](https://jqlang.github.io/jq/) and [`ots`](https://github.com/fiatjaf/ots):
```bash
~> nak req -i e71c6ea722987debdb60f81f9ea4f604b5ac0664120dd64fb9d23abc4ec7c323 wss://nostr-pub.wellorder.net | jq -r .content | ots verify
> using an esplora server at https://blockstream.info/api
- sequence ending on block 810391 is valid
timestamp validated at block [810391]
```

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@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
> __Warning__ `unrecommended`: deprecated in favor of [NIP-44](44.md)
NIP-04
======
Encrypted Direct Message
------------------------
`final` `optional` `author:arcbtc`
`final` `unrecommended` `optional`
A special event with kind `4`, meaning "encrypted direct message". It is supposed to have the following attributes:

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ NIP-05
Mapping Nostr keys to DNS-based internet identifiers
----------------------------------------------------
`final` `optional` `author:fiatjaf` `author:mikedilger`
`final` `optional`
On events of kind `0` (`metadata`) one can specify the key `"nip05"` with an [internet identifier](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5322#section-3.4.1) (an email-like address) as the value. Although there is a link to a very liberal "internet identifier" specification above, NIP-05 assumes the `<local-part>` part will be restricted to the characters `a-z0-9-_.`, case-insensitive.

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ NIP-06
Basic key derivation from mnemonic seed phrase
----------------------------------------------
`draft` `optional` `author:fiatjaf`
`draft` `optional`
[BIP39](https://bips.xyz/39) is used to generate mnemonic seed words and derive a binary seed from them.
@ -13,3 +13,19 @@ Basic key derivation from mnemonic seed phrase
A basic client can simply use an `account` of `0` to derive a single key. For more advanced use-cases you can increment `account`, allowing generation of practically infinite keys from the 5-level path with hardened derivation.
Other types of clients can still get fancy and use other derivation paths for their own other purposes.
### Test vectors
mnemonic: leader monkey parrot ring guide accident before fence cannon height naive bean\
private key (hex): 7f7ff03d123792d6ac594bfa67bf6d0c0ab55b6b1fdb6249303fe861f1ccba9a\
nsec: nsec10allq0gjx7fddtzef0ax00mdps9t2kmtrldkyjfs8l5xruwvh2dq0lhhkp\
public key (hex): 17162c921dc4d2518f9a101db33695df1afb56ab82f5ff3e5da6eec3ca5cd917\
npub: npub1zutzeysacnf9rru6zqwmxd54mud0k44tst6l70ja5mhv8jjumytsd2x7nu
---
mnemonic: what bleak badge arrange retreat wolf trade produce cricket blur garlic valid proud rude strong choose busy staff weather area salt hollow arm fade\
private key (hex): c15d739894c81a2fcfd3a2df85a0d2c0dbc47a280d092799f144d73d7ae78add\
nsec: nsec1c9wh8xy5eqdzln7n5t0ctgxjcrdug73gp5yj0x03gntn67h83twssdfhel\
public key (hex): d41b22899549e1f3d335a31002cfd382174006e166d3e658e3a5eecdb6463573\
npub: npub16sdj9zv4f8sl85e45vgq9n7nsgt5qphpvmf7vk8r5hhvmdjxx4es8rq74h

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ NIP-07
`window.nostr` capability for web browsers
------------------------------------------
`draft` `optional` `author:fiatjaf`
`draft` `optional`
The `window.nostr` object may be made available by web browsers or extensions and websites or web-apps may make use of it after checking its availability.
@ -12,24 +12,16 @@ That object must define the following methods:
```
async window.nostr.getPublicKey(): string // returns a public key as hex
async window.nostr.signEvent(event: Event): Event // takes an event object, adds `id`, `pubkey` and `sig` and returns it
async window.nostr.signEvent(event: { created_at: number, kind: number, tags: string[][], content: string }): Event // takes an event object, adds `id`, `pubkey` and `sig` and returns it
```
Aside from these two basic above, the following functions can also be implemented optionally:
```
async window.nostr.getRelays(): { [url: string]: {read: boolean, write: boolean} } // returns a basic map of relay urls to relay policies
async window.nostr.nip04.encrypt(pubkey, plaintext): string // returns ciphertext and iv as specified in nip-04
async window.nostr.nip04.decrypt(pubkey, ciphertext): string // takes ciphertext and iv as specified in nip-04
async window.nostr.nip04.encrypt(pubkey, plaintext): string // returns ciphertext and iv as specified in nip-04 (deprecated)
async window.nostr.nip04.decrypt(pubkey, ciphertext): string // takes ciphertext and iv as specified in nip-04 (deprecated)
```
### Implementation
- [horse](https://github.com/fiatjaf/horse) (Chrome and derivatives)
- [nos2x](https://github.com/fiatjaf/nos2x) (Chrome and derivatives)
- [Alby](https://getalby.com) (Chrome and derivatives, Firefox)
- [Blockcore](https://www.blockcore.net/wallet) (Chrome and derivatives)
- [nos2x-fox](https://diegogurpegui.com/nos2x-fox/) (Firefox)
- [Flamingo](https://www.getflamingo.org/) (Chrome and derivatives)
- [AKA Profiles](https://github.com/neilck/aka-extension) (Chrome, stores multiple keys)
- [TokenPocket](https://www.tokenpocket.pro/) (Android, IOS, Chrome and derivatives)
- [Nostrmo](https://github.com/haorendashu/nostrmo_faq#download) (Android, IOS)
See https://github.com/aljazceru/awesome-nostr#nip-07-browser-extensions.

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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ NIP-08
Handling Mentions
-----------------
`final` `unrecommended` `optional` `author:fiatjaf` `author:scsibug`
`final` `unrecommended` `optional`
This document standardizes the treatment given by clients of inline mentions of other events and pubkeys inside the content of `text_note`s.

4
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@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ NIP-09
Event Deletion
--------------
`draft` `optional` `author:scsibug`
`draft` `optional`
A special event with kind `5`, meaning "deletion" is defined as having a list of one or more `e` tags, each referencing an event the author is requesting to be deleted.
Each tag entry must contain an "e" event id and/or NIP-33 `a` tags intended for deletion.
Each tag entry must contain an "e" event id and/or `a` tags intended for deletion.
The event's `content` field MAY contain a text note describing the reason for the deletion.

4
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ NIP-10
On "e" and "p" tags in Text Events (kind 1).
--------------------------------------------
`draft` `optional` `author:unclebobmartin`
`draft` `optional`
## Abstract
This NIP describes how to use "e" and "p" tags in text events, especially those that are replies to other text events. It helps clients thread the replies into a tree rooted at the original event.
@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ Where:
* Many "e" tags: `["e", <root-id>]` `["e", <mention-id>]`, ..., `["e", <reply-id>]`<br>
There may be any number of `<mention-ids>`. These are the ids of events which may, or may not be in the reply chain.
They are citings from this event. `root-id` and `reply-id` are as above.
They are citing from this event. `root-id` and `reply-id` are as above.
>This scheme is deprecated because it creates ambiguities that are difficult, or impossible to resolve when an event references another but is not a reply.

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ NIP-11
Relay Information Document
---------------------------
`draft` `optional` `author:scsibug` `author:doc-hex` `author:cameri`
`draft` `optional`
Relays may provide server metadata to clients to inform them of capabilities, administrative contacts, and various server attributes. This is made available as a JSON document over HTTP, on the same URI as the relay's websocket.
@ -25,42 +25,42 @@ When a relay receives an HTTP(s) request with an `Accept` header of `application
Any field may be omitted, and clients MUST ignore any additional fields they do not understand. Relays MUST accept CORS requests by sending `Access-Control-Allow-Origin`, `Access-Control-Allow-Headers`, and `Access-Control-Allow-Methods` headers.
Field Descriptions
-----------------
------------------
### Name ###
### Name
A relay may select a `name` for use in client software. This is a string, and SHOULD be less than 30 characters to avoid client truncation.
### Description ###
### Description
Detailed plain-text information about the relay may be contained in the `description` string. It is recommended that this contain no markup, formatting or line breaks for word wrapping, and simply use double newline characters to separate paragraphs. There are no limitations on length.
### Pubkey ###
### Pubkey
An administrative contact may be listed with a `pubkey`, in the same format as Nostr events (32-byte hex for a `secp256k1` public key). If a contact is listed, this provides clients with a recommended address to send encrypted direct messages (See `NIP-04`) to a system administrator. Expected uses of this address are to report abuse or illegal content, file bug reports, or request other technical assistance.
Relay operators have no obligation to respond to direct messages.
### Contact ###
### Contact
An alternative contact may be listed under the `contact` field as well, with the same purpose as `pubkey`. Use of a Nostr public key and direct message SHOULD be preferred over this. Contents of this field SHOULD be a URI, using schemes such as `mailto` or `https` to provide users with a means of contact.
### Supported NIPs ###
### Supported NIPs
As the Nostr protocol evolves, some functionality may only be available by relays that implement a specific `NIP`. This field is an array of the integer identifiers of `NIP`s that are implemented in the relay. Examples would include `1`, for `"NIP-01"` and `9`, for `"NIP-09"`. Client-side `NIPs` SHOULD NOT be advertised, and can be ignored by clients.
### Software ###
### Software
The relay server implementation MAY be provided in the `software` attribute. If present, this MUST be a URL to the project's homepage.
### Version ###
### Version
The relay MAY choose to publish its software version as a string attribute. The string format is defined by the relay implementation. It is recommended this be a version number or commit identifier.
Extra Fields
-----------------
------------
### Server Limitations ###
### Server Limitations
These are limitations imposed by the relay on clients. Your client
should expect that requests which exceed these *practical* limitations
@ -68,7 +68,6 @@ are rejected or fail immediately.
```json
{
...
"limitation": {
"max_message_length": 16384,
"max_subscriptions": 20,
@ -80,10 +79,11 @@ are rejected or fail immediately.
"min_pow_difficulty": 30,
"auth_required": true,
"payment_required": true,
"created_at_lower_limit":31536000,
"created_at_upper_limit":3,
}
...
"restricted_writes": true,
"created_at_lower_limit": 31536000,
"created_at_upper_limit": 3
},
...
}
```
@ -125,11 +125,17 @@ Even if set to False, authentication may be required for specific actions.
- `payment_required`: this relay requires payment before a new connection may perform any action.
- `created_at_lower_limit`: 'created_at' lower limit as defined in [NIP-22](22.md)
- `restricted_writes`: this relay requires some kind of condition to be fulfilled in order to
accept events (not necessarily, but including `payment_required` and `min_pow_difficulty`).
This should only be set to `true` when users are expected to know the relay policy before trying
to write to it -- like belonging to a special pubkey-based whitelist or writing only events of
a specific niche kind or content. Normal anti-spam heuristics, for example, do not qualify.
- `created_at_upper_limit`: 'created_at' upper limit as defined in [NIP-22](22.md)
- `created_at_lower_limit`: 'created_at' lower limit
### Event Retention ###
- `created_at_upper_limit`: 'created_at' upper limit
### Event Retention
There may be a cost associated with storing data forever, so relays
may wish to state retention times. The values stated here are defaults
@ -142,14 +148,12 @@ all, and preferably an error will be provided when those are received.
```json
{
...
"retention": [
{ "kinds": [0, 1, [5, 7], [40, 49]], "time": 3600 },
{ "kinds": [[40000, 49999]], "time": 100 },
{ "kinds": [[30000, 39999]], "count": 1000 },
{ "time": 3600, "count": 10000 }
{"kinds": [0, 1, [5, 7], [40, 49]], "time": 3600},
{"kinds": [[40000, 49999]], "time": 100},
{"kinds": [[30000, 39999]], "count": 1000},
{"time": 3600, "count": 10000}
]
...
}
```
@ -165,8 +169,7 @@ support their protocol quickly via a single HTTP fetch.
There is no need to specify retention times for _ephemeral events_ since they are not retained.
### Content Limitations ###
### Content Limitations
Some relays may be governed by the arbitrary laws of a nation state. This
may limit what content can be stored in cleartext on those relays. All
@ -185,9 +188,8 @@ flexibility is up to the client software.
```json
{
...
"relay_countries": [ "CA", "US" ],
...
...
}
```
@ -199,7 +201,7 @@ country of the legal entities who own the relay, so it's very
likely a number of countries are involved.
### Community Preferences ###
### Community Preferences
For public text notes at least, a relay may try to foster a
local community. This would encourage users to follow the global
@ -208,11 +210,10 @@ To support this goal, relays MAY specify some of the following values.
```json
{
...
"language_tags": [ "en", "en-419" ],
"tags": [ "sfw-only", "bitcoin-only", "anime" ],
"language_tags": ["en", "en-419"],
"tags": ["sfw-only", "bitcoin-only", "anime"],
"posting_policy": "https://example.com/posting-policy.html",
...
...
}
```
@ -239,59 +240,75 @@ detail and legal terms. Use the `tags` field to signify limitations
on content, or topics to be discussed, which could be machine
processed by appropriate client software.
### Pay-To-Relay ###
### Pay-to-Relay
Relays that require payments may want to expose their fee schedules.
```json
{
...
"payments_url": "https://my-relay/payments",
"fees": {
"admission": [{ "amount": 1000000, "unit": "msats" }],
"subscription": [{ "amount": 5000000, "unit": "msats", "period": 2592000 }],
"publication": [{ "kinds": [4], "amount": 100, "unit": "msats" }],
},
...
...
}
```
### Icon ###
### Icon
A URL pointing to an image to be used as an icon for the relay. Recommended to be squared in shape.
```json
{
...
"icon": "https://nostr.build/i/53866b44135a27d624e99c6165cabd76ac8f72797209700acb189fce75021f47.jpg",
...
...
}
```
### Examples ###
As of 2 May 2023 the following `curl` command provided these results.
### Examples
>curl -H "Accept: application/nostr+json" https://eden.nostr.land
As of 2 May 2023 the following command provided these results:
{"name":"eden.nostr.land",
"description":"Eden Nostr Land - Toronto 1-01",
"pubkey":"00000000827ffaa94bfea288c3dfce4422c794fbb96625b6b31e9049f729d700",
"contact":"me@ricardocabral.io",
"supported_nips":[1,2,4,9,11,12,15,16,20,22,26,28,33,40],
"supported_nip_extensions":["11a"],
"software":"git+https://github.com/Cameri/nostream.git",
"version":"1.22.6",
"limitation":{"max_message_length":1048576,
"max_subscriptions":10,
"max_filters":2500,
"max_limit":5000,
"max_subid_length":256,
"max_event_tags":2500,
"max_content_length":65536,
"min_pow_difficulty":0,
"auth_required":false,
"payment_required":true},
"payments_url":"https://eden.nostr.land/invoices",
"fees":{"admission":[{"amount":5000000,"unit":"msats"}],
"publication":[]}},
"icon": "https://nostr.build/i/53866b44135a27d624e99c6165cabd76ac8f72797209700acb189fce75021f47.jpg"
```
~> curl -H "Accept: application/nostr+json" https://eden.nostr.land | jq
{
"description": "nostr.land family of relays (us-or-01)",
"name": "nostr.land",
"pubkey": "52b4a076bcbbbdc3a1aefa3735816cf74993b1b8db202b01c883c58be7fad8bd",
"software": "custom",
"supported_nips": [
1,
2,
4,
9,
11,
12,
16,
20,
22,
28,
33,
40
],
"version": "1.0.1",
"limitation": {
"payment_required": true,
"max_message_length": 65535,
"max_event_tags": 2000,
"max_subscriptions": 20,
"auth_required": false
},
"payments_url": "https://eden.nostr.land",
"fees": {
"subscription": [
{
"amount": 2500000,
"unit": "msats",
"period": 2592000
}
]
},
}

2
12.md
View File

@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ NIP-12
Generic Tag Queries
-------------------
`final` `mandatory` `author:scsibug` `author:fiatjaf`
`final` `mandatory`
Moved to [NIP-01](01.md).

8
13.md
View File

@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ NIP-13
Proof of Work
-------------
`draft` `optional` `author:jb55` `author:cameri`
`draft` `optional`
This NIP defines a way to generate and interpret Proof of Work for nostr notes. Proof of Work (PoW) is a way to add a proof of computational work to a note. This is a bearer proof that all relays and clients can universally validate with a small amount of code. This proof can be used as a means of spam deterrence.
@ -35,11 +35,7 @@ Example mined note
"created_at": 1651794653,
"kind": 1,
"tags": [
[
"nonce",
"776797",
"21"
]
["nonce", "776797", "21"]
],
"content": "It's just me mining my own business",
"sig": "284622fc0a3f4f1303455d5175f7ba962a3300d136085b9566801bc2e0699de0c7e31e44c81fb40ad9049173742e904713c3594a1da0fc5d2382a25c11aba977"

6
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View File

@ -4,12 +4,14 @@ NIP-14
Subject tag in Text events
--------------------------
`draft` `optional` `author:unclebobmartin`
`draft` `optional`
This NIP defines the use of the "subject" tag in text (kind: 1) events.
(implemented in more-speech)
`["subject": <string>]`
```json
["subject": <string>]
```
Browsers often display threaded lists of messages. The contents of the subject tag can be used in such lists, instead of the more ad hoc approach of using the first few words of the message. This is very similar to the way email browsers display lists of incoming emails by subject rather than by contents.

226
15.md
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@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
NIP-15
======
Nostr Marketplace (for resilient marketplaces)
-----------------------------------
Nostr Marketplace
-----------------
`draft` `optional` `author:fiatjaf` `author:benarc` `author:motorina0` `author:talvasconcelos`
`draft` `optional`
> Based on https://github.com/lnbits/Diagon-Alley
Based on https://github.com/lnbits/Diagon-Alley.
> Implemented in [NostrMarket](https://github.com/lnbits/nostrmarket) and [Plebeian Market](https://github.com/PlebeianTech/plebeian-market)
Implemented in [NostrMarket](https://github.com/lnbits/nostrmarket) and [Plebeian Market](https://github.com/PlebeianTech/plebeian-market).
## Terms
@ -35,27 +35,28 @@ The `merchant` admin software can be purely clientside, but for `convenience` an
A merchant can publish these events:
| Kind | | Description |
| --------- | ------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `0 ` | `set_meta` | The merchant description (similar with any `nostr` public key). |
| `0` | `set_meta` | The merchant description (similar with any `nostr` public key). |
| `30017` | `set_stall` | Create or update a stall. |
| `30018` | `set_product` | Create or update a product. |
| `4 ` | `direct_message` | Communicate with the customer. The messages can be plain-text or JSON. |
| `5 ` | `delete` | Delete a product or a stall. |
| `4` | `direct_message` | Communicate with the customer. The messages can be plain-text or JSON. |
| `5` | `delete` | Delete a product or a stall. |
### Event `30017`: Create or update a stall.
**Event Content**:
**Event Content**
```json
{
"id": <String, UUID generated by the merchant. Sequential IDs (`0`, `1`, `2`...) are discouraged>,
"name": <String, stall name>,
"description": <String (optional), stall description>,
"currency": <String, currency used>,
"id": <string, id generated by the merchant. Sequential IDs (`0`, `1`, `2`...) are discouraged>,
"name": <string, stall name>,
"description": <string (optional), stall description>,
"currency": <string, currency used>,
"shipping": [
{
"id": <String, UUID of the shipping zone, generated by the merchant>,
"name": <String (optional), zone name>,
"id": <string, id of the shipping zone, generated by the merchant>,
"name": <string (optional), zone name>,
"cost": <float, base cost for shipping. The currency is defined at the stall level>,
"regions": [<String, regions included in this zone>],
"regions": [<string, regions included in this zone>]
}
]
}
@ -70,38 +71,44 @@ Fields that are not self-explanatory:
- each shipping zone contains the base cost for orders made to that shipping zone, but a specific shipping cost per
product can also be specified if the shipping cost for that product is higher than what's specified by the base cost.
**Event Tags**:
**Event Tags**
```json
"tags": [["d", <String, id of stall]]
{
"tags": [["d", <string, id of stall]],
...
}
```
- the `d` tag is required, its value MUST be the same as the stall `id`.
### Event `30018`: Create or update a product
**Event Content**:
**Event Content**
```json
{
"id": <String, UUID generated by the merchant.Sequential IDs (`0`, `1`, `2`...) are discouraged>,
"stall_id": <String, UUID of the stall to which this product belong to>,
"name": <String, product name>,
"description": <String (optional), product description>,
"images": <[String], array of image URLs, optional>,
"currency": <String, currency used>,
"id": <string, id generated by the merchant (sequential ids are discouraged)>,
"stall_id": <string, id of the stall to which this product belong to>,
"name": <string, product name>,
"description": <string (optional), product description>,
"images": <[string], array of image URLs, optional>,
"currency": <string, currency used>,
"price": <float, cost of product>,
"quantity": <int, available items>,
"quantity": <int or null, available items>,
"specs": [
[<String, spec key>, <String, spec value>]
[<string, spec key>, <string, spec value>]
],
"shipping": [
{
"id": <String, UUID of the shipping zone. Must match one of the zones defined for the stall>,
"cost": <float, extra cost for shipping. The currency is defined at the stall level>,
"id": <string, id of the shipping zone (must match one of the zones defined for the stall)>,
"cost": <float, extra cost for shipping. The currency is defined at the stall level>
}
]
}
```
Fields that are not self-explanatory:
- `quantity` can be null in the case of items with unlimited availability, like digital items, or services
- `specs`:
- an optional array of key pair values. It allows for the Customer UI to present product specifications in a structure mode. It also allows comparison between products
- eg: `[["operating_system", "Android 12.0"], ["screen_size", "6.4 inches"], ["connector_type", "USB Type C"]]`
@ -115,14 +122,16 @@ Fields that are not self-explanatory:
- the `base cost from the stall` for the chosen shipping option
- the result of multiplying the product units by the `shipping costs specified in the product`, if any.
**Event Tags**:
**Event Tags**
```json
"tags": [
["d", <String, id of product],
["t", <String (optional), product category],
["t", <String (optional), product category],
["d", <string, id of product],
["t", <string (optional), product category],
["t", <string (optional), product category],
...
],
...
]
```
- the `d` tag is required, its value MUST be the same as the product `id`.
@ -130,7 +139,7 @@ Fields that are not self-explanatory:
## Checkout events
All checkout events are sent as JSON strings using ([NIP04](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/04.md)).
All checkout events are sent as JSON strings using ([NIP-04](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/04.md)).
The `merchant` and the `customer` can exchange JSON messages that represent different actions. Each `JSON` message `MUST` have a `type` field indicating the what the JSON represents. Possible types:
@ -140,29 +149,28 @@ The `merchant` and the `customer` can exchange JSON messages that represent diff
| 1 | Merchant | Payment Request |
| 2 | Merchant | Order Status Update |
### Step 1: `customer` order (event)
The below json goes in content of [NIP04](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/04.md).
The below JSON goes in content of [NIP-04](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/04.md).
```json
{
"id": <String, UUID generated by the customer>,
"id": <string, id generated by the customer>,
"type": 0,
"name": <String (optional), ???>,
"address": <String (optional), for physical goods an address should be provided>
"message": "<String (optional), message for merchant>,
"name": <string (optional), ???>,
"address": <string (optional), for physical goods an address should be provided>,
"message": "<string (optional), message for merchant>,
"contact": {
"nostr": <32-bytes hex of a pubkey>,
"phone": <String (optional), if the customer wants to be contacted by phone>,
"email": <String (optional), if the customer wants to be contacted by email>,
"phone": <string (optional), if the customer wants to be contacted by phone>,
"email": <string (optional), if the customer wants to be contacted by email>
},
"items": [
{
"product_id": <String, UUID of the product>,
"product_id": <string, id of the product>,
"quantity": <int, how many products the customer is ordering>
}
],
"shipping_id": <String, UUID of the shipping zone>
"shipping_id": <string, id of the shipping zone>
}
```
@ -174,7 +182,7 @@ _Open_: is `contact.nostr` required?
Sent back from the merchant for payment. Any payment option is valid that the merchant can check.
The below json goes in `content` of [NIP04](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/04.md).
The below JSON goes in `content` of [NIP-04](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/04.md).
`payment_options`/`type` include:
@ -185,21 +193,21 @@ The below json goes in `content` of [NIP04](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/ni
```json
{
"id": <String, UUID of the order>,
"id": <string, id of the order>,
"type": 1,
"message": <String, message to customer, optional>,
"message": <string, message to customer, optional>,
"payment_options": [
{
"type": <String, option type>,
"link": <String, url, btc address, ln invoice, etc>
"type": <string, option type>,
"link": <string, url, btc address, ln invoice, etc>
},
{
"type": <String, option type>,
"link": <String, url, btc address, ln invoice, etc>
"type": <string, option type>,
"link": <string, url, btc address, ln invoice, etc>
},
{
"type": <String, option type>,
"link": <String, url, btc address, ln invoice, etc>
"type": <string, option type>,
"link": <string, url, btc address, ln invoice, etc>
}
]
}
@ -209,18 +217,118 @@ The below json goes in `content` of [NIP04](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/ni
Once payment has been received and processed.
The below json goes in `content` of [NIP04](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/04.md).
The below JSON goes in `content` of [NIP-04](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/04.md).
```json
{
"id": <String, UUID of the order>,
"id": <string, id of the order>,
"type": 2,
"message": <String, message to customer>,
"paid": <Bool, true/false has received payment>,
"shipped": <Bool, true/false has been shipped>,
"message": <string, message to customer>,
"paid": <bool: has received payment>,
"shipped": <bool: has been shipped>,
}
```
## Customize Marketplace
Create a customized user experience using the `naddr` from [NIP-19](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/19.md#shareable-identifiers-with-extra-metadata). The use of `naddr` enables easy sharing of marketplace events while incorporating a rich set of metadata. This metadata can include relays, merchant profiles, and more. Subsequently, it allows merchants to be grouped into a market, empowering the market creator to configure the marketplace's user interface and user experience, and share that marketplace. This customization can encompass elements such as market name, description, logo, banner, themes, and even color schemes, offering a tailored and unique marketplace experience.
### Event `30019`: Create or update marketplace UI/UX
**Event Content**
```json
{
"name": <string (optional), market name>,
"about": <string (optional), market description>,
"ui": {
"picture": <string (optional), market logo image URL>,
"banner": <string (optional), market logo banner URL>,
"theme": <string (optional), market theme>,
"darkMode": <bool, true/false>
},
"merchants": [array of pubkeys (optional)],
...
}
```
This event leverages naddr to enable comprehensive customization and sharing of marketplace configurations, fostering a unique and engaging marketplace environment.
## Auctions
### Event `30020`: Create or update a product sold as an auction
**Event Content**:
```json
{
"id": <String, UUID generated by the merchant. Sequential IDs (`0`, `1`, `2`...) are discouraged>,
"stall_id": <String, UUID of the stall to which this product belong to>,
"name": <String, product name>,
"description": <String (optional), product description>,
"images": <[String], array of image URLs, optional>,
"starting_bid": <int>,
"start_date": <int (optional) UNIX timestamp, date the auction started / will start>,
"duration": <int, number of seconds the auction will run for, excluding eventual time extensions that might happen>,
"specs": [
[<String, spec key>, <String, spec value>]
],
"shipping": [
{
"id": <String, UUID of the shipping zone. Must match one of the zones defined for the stall>,
"cost": <float, extra cost for shipping. The currency is defined at the stall level>
}
]
}
```
> [!NOTE]
> Items sold as an auction are very similar in structure to fixed-price items, with some important differences worth noting.
* The `start_date` can be set to a date in the future if the auction is scheduled to start on that date, or can be omitted if the start date is unknown/hidden. If the start date is not specified, the auction will have to be edited later to set an actual date.
* The auction runs for an initial number of seconds after the `start_date`, specified by `duration`.
### Event `1021`: Bid
```json
{
"content": <int, amount of sats>,
"tags": [["e", <event ID of the auction to bid on>]],
}
```
Bids are simply events of kind `1021` with a `content` field specifying the amount, in the currency of the auction. Bids must reference an auction.
> [!NOTE]
> Auctions can be edited as many times as desired (they are "parameterized replaceable events") by the author - even after the start_date, but they cannot be edited after they have received the first bid! This is enforced by the fact that bids reference the event ID of the auction (rather than the product UUID), which changes with every new version of the auctioned product. So a bid is always attached to one "version". Editing the auction after a bid would result in the new product losing the bid!
### Event `1022`: Bid confirmation
**Event Content**:
```json
{
"status": <String, "accepted" | "rejected" | "pending" | "winner">,
"message": <String (optional)>,
"duration_extended": <int (optional), number of seconds>
}
```
**Event Tags**:
```json
"tags": [["e" <event ID of the bid being confirmed>], ["e", <event ID of the auction>]],
```
Bids should be confirmed by the merchant before being considered as valid by other clients. So clients should subscribe to *bid confirmation* events (kind `1022`) for every auction that they follow, in addition to the actual bids and should check that the pubkey of the bid confirmation matches the pubkey of the merchant (in addition to checking the signature).
The `content` field is a JSON which includes *at least* a `status`. `winner` is how the *winning bid* is replied to after the auction ends and the winning bid is picked by the merchant.
The reasons for which a bid can be marked as `rejected` or `pending` are up to the merchant's implementation and configuration - they could be anything from basic validation errors (amount too low) to the bidder being blacklisted or to the bidder lacking sufficient *trust*, which could lead to the bid being marked as `pending` until sufficient verification is performed. The difference between the two is that `pending` bids *might* get approved after additional steps are taken by the bidder, whereas `rejected` bids can not be later approved.
An additional `message` field can appear in the `content` JSON to give further context as of why a bid is `rejected` or `pending`.
Another thing that can happen is - if bids happen very close to the end date of the auction - for the merchant to decide to extend the auction duration for a few more minutes. This is done by passing a `duration_extended` field as part of a bid confirmation, which would contain a number of seconds by which the initial duration is extended. So the actual end date of an auction is always `start_date + duration + (SUM(c.duration_extended) FOR c in all confirmations`.
## Customer support events
Customer support is handled over whatever communication method was specified. If communicating via nostr, NIP-04 is used https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/04.md.

2
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@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ NIP-16
Event Treatment
---------------
`final` `mandatory` `author:Semisol`
`final` `mandatory`
Moved to [NIP-01](01.md).

2
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ NIP-18
Reposts
-------
`draft` `optional` `author:jb55` `author:fiatjaf` `author:arthurfranca`
`draft` `optional`
A repost is a `kind 6` event that is used to signal to followers
that a `kind 1` text note is worth reading.

2
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ NIP-19
bech32-encoded entities
-----------------------
`draft` `optional` `author:jb55` `author:fiatjaf` `author:Semisol`
`draft` `optional`
This NIP standardizes bech32-formatted strings that can be used to display keys, ids and other information in clients. These formats are not meant to be used anywhere in the core protocol, they are only meant for displaying to users, copy-pasting, sharing, rendering QR codes and inputting data.

2
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@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ NIP-20
Command Results
---------------
`final` `mandatory` `author:jb55`
`final` `mandatory`
Moved to [NIP-01](01.md).

2
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ NIP-21
`nostr:` URI scheme
-------------------
`draft` `optional` `author:fiatjaf`
`draft` `optional`
This NIP standardizes the usage of a common URI scheme for maximum interoperability and openness in the network.

45
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@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
NIP-22
======
Event `created_at` Limits
-------------------------
`draft` `optional` `author:jeffthibault` `author:Giszmo`
Relays may define both upper and lower limits within which they will consider an event's `created_at` to be acceptable. Both the upper and lower limits MUST be unix timestamps in seconds as defined in [NIP-01](01.md).
If a relay supports this NIP, the relay SHOULD send the client an `OK` result saying the event was not stored for the `created_at` timestamp not being within the permitted limits.
Client Behavior
---------------
Clients SHOULD use the [NIP-11](11.md) `supported_nips` field to learn if a relay uses event `created_at` time limits as defined by this NIP.
Motivation
----------
This NIP formalizes restrictions on event timestamps as accepted by a relay and allows clients to be aware of relays that have these restrictions.
The event `created_at` field is just a unix timestamp and can be set to a time in the past or future. Relays accept and share events dated to 20 years ago or 50,000 years in the future. This NIP aims to define a way for relays that do not want to store events with *any* timestamp to set their own restrictions.
_Replaceable events_ can behave rather unexpectedly if the user wrote them - or tried to write them - with a wrong system clock. Persisting an update with a backdated system now would result in the update not getting persisted without a notification and if they did the last update with a forward dated system, they will again fail to do another update with the now correct time.
A wide adoption of this NIP could create a better user experience as it would decrease the amount of events that appear wildly out of order or even from impossible dates in the distant past or future.
Keep in mind that there is a use case where a user migrates their old posts onto a new relay. If a relay rejects events that were not recently created, it cannot serve this use case.
Python (pseudocode) Example
---------------------------
```python
import time
TIME = int(time.time())
LOWER_LIMIT = TIME - (60 * 60 * 24) # Define lower limit as 1 day into the past
UPPER_LIMIT = TIME + (60 * 15) # Define upper limit as 15 minutes into the future
if event.created_at not in range(LOWER_LIMIT, UPPER_LIMIT):
ws.send('["OK", event.id, False, "invalid: the event created_at field is out of the acceptable range (-24h, +15min) for this relay"]')
```
Note: These are just example limits, the relay operator can choose whatever limits they want.

2
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ NIP-23
Long-form Content
-----------------
`draft` `optional` `author:fiatjaf`
`draft` `optional`
This NIP defines `kind:30023` (a _parameterized replaceable event_) for long-form text content, generally referred to as "articles" or "blog posts". `kind:30024` has the same structure as `kind:30023` and is used to save long form drafts.

42
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@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
NIP-24
======
Extra metadata fields and tags
------------------------------
`draft` `optional`
This NIP defines extra optional fields added to events.
kind 0
======
These are extra fields not specified in NIP-01 that may be present in the stringified JSON of metadata events:
- `display_name`: an alternative, bigger name with richer characters than `name`. `name` should always be set regardless of the presence of `display_name` in the metadata.
- `website`: a web URL related in any way to the event author.
- `banner`: an URL to a wide (~1024x768) picture to be optionally displayed in the background of a profile screen.
### Deprecated fields
These are fields that should be ignored or removed when found in the wild:
- `displayName`: use `display_name` instead.
- `username`: use `name` instead.
kind 3
======
These are extra fields not specified in NIP-02 that may be present in the stringified JSON of contacts events:
### Deprecated fields
- `{<relay-url>: {"read": <true|false>, "write": <true|false>}, ...}`: an object of relays used by a user to read/write. [NIP-65](65.md) should be used instead.
tags
====
These tags may be present in multiple event kinds. Whenever a different meaning is not specified by some more specific NIP, they have the following meanings:
- `r`: a web URL the event is referring to in some way
- `title`: title of the event

8
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@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ NIP-25
Reactions
---------
`draft` `optional` `author:jb55`
`draft` `optional`
A reaction is a `kind 7` note that is used to react to other notes.
A reaction is a `kind 7` event that is used to react to other events.
The generic reaction, represented by the `content` set to a `+` string, SHOULD
be interpreted as a "like" or "upvote".
@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ The last `e` tag MUST be the `id` of the note that is being reacted to.
The last `p` tag MUST be the `pubkey` of the event being reacted to.
The reaction event MAY include a `k` tag with the stringified kind number
of the reacted event as its value.
Example code
```swift
@ -43,6 +46,7 @@ func make_like_event(pubkey: String, privkey: String, liked: NostrEvent) -> Nost
}
tags.append(["e", liked.id])
tags.append(["p", liked.pubkey])
tags.append(["k", liked.kind])
let ev = NostrEvent(content: "+", pubkey: pubkey, kind: 7, tags: tags)
ev.calculate_id()
ev.sign(privkey: privkey)

2
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ NIP-26
Delegated Event Signing
-----
`draft` `optional` `author:markharding` `author:minds`
`draft` `optional`
This NIP defines how events can be delegated so that they can be signed by other keypairs.

2
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ NIP-27
Text Note References
--------------------
`draft` `optional` `author:arthurfranca` `author:hodlbod` `author:fiatjaf`
`draft` `optional`
This document standardizes the treatment given by clients of inline references of other events and profiles inside the `.content` of any event that has readable text in its `.content` (such as kinds 1 and 30023).

4
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ NIP-28
Public Chat
-----------
`draft` `optional` `author:ChristopherDavid` `author:fiatjaf` `author:jb55` `author:Cameri`
`draft` `optional`
This NIP defines new event kinds for public chat channels, channel messages, and basic client-side moderation.
@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ In the channel creation `content` field, Client SHOULD include basic channel met
Update a channel's public metadata.
Clients and relays SHOULD handle kind 41 events similar to kind 33 replaceable events, where the information is used to update the metadata, without modifying the event id for the channel. Only the most recent kind 41 is needed to be stored.
Clients and relays SHOULD handle kind 41 events similar to kind 33 replaceable events, where the information is used to update the metadata, without modifying the event id for the channel.Only the most recent kind 41 is needed to be stored.
Clients SHOULD ignore kind 41s from pubkeys other than the kind 40 pubkey.

4
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@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ NIP-30
Custom Emoji
------------
`draft` `optional` `author:alexgleason`
`draft` `optional`
Custom emoji may be added to **kind 0** and **kind 1** events by including one or more `"emoji"` tags, in the form:
Custom emoji may be added to **kind 0**, **kind 1**, **kind 7** ([NIP-25](25.md)) and **kind 30315** ([NIP-38](38.md)) events by including one or more `"emoji"` tags, in the form:
```
["emoji", <shortcode>, <image-url>]

2
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ NIP-31
Dealing with unknown event kinds
--------------------------------
`draft` `optional` `author:pablof7z` `author:fiatjaf`
`draft` `optional`
When creating a new custom event kind that is part of a custom protocol and isn't meant to be read as text (like `kind:1`), clients should use an `alt` tag to write a short human-readable plaintext summary of what that event is about.

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@ -4,9 +4,32 @@ NIP-32
Labeling
---------
`draft` `optional` `author:staab` `author:gruruya` `author:s3x-jay`
`draft` `optional`
A label is a `kind 1985` event that is used to label other entities. This supports a number of use cases, from distributed moderation and content recommendations to reviews and ratings.
A label is a `kind 1985` event that is used to label other entities. This supports a number of use cases,
including distributed moderation, collection management, license assignment, and content classification.
This NIP introduces two new tags:
- `L` denotes a label namespace
- `l` denotes a label
Label Namespace Tag
----
An `L` tag can be any string, but publishers SHOULD ensure they are unambiguous by using a well-defined namespace
(such as an ISO standard) or reverse domain name notation.
`L` tags are REQUIRED in order to support searching by namespace rather than by a specific tag. The special `ugc`
("user generated content") namespace MAY be used when the label content is provided by an end user.
`L` tags starting with `#` indicate that the label target should be associated with the label's value.
This is a way of attaching standard nostr tags to events, pubkeys, relays, urls, etc.
Label Tag
----
An `l` tag's value can be any string. `l` tags MUST include a `mark` matching an `L` tag value in the same event.
Label Target
----
@ -16,47 +39,18 @@ labeled: `e`, `p`, `a`, `r`, or `t` tags. This allows for labeling of events, pe
or topics respectively. As with NIP-01, a relay hint SHOULD be included when using `e` and
`p` tags.
Label Tag
----
This NIP introduces a new tag `l` which denotes a label, and a new `L` tag which denotes a label namespace.
A label MUST include a mark matching an `L` tag. `L` tags refer to a tag type within nostr, or a nomenclature
external to nostr defined either formally or by convention. Any string can be a namespace, but publishers SHOULD
ensure they are unambiguous by using a well-defined namespace (such as an ISO standard) or reverse domain name notation.
Namespaces starting with `#` indicate that the label target should be associated with the label's value.
This is a way of attaching standard nostr tags to events, pubkeys, relays, urls, etc.
Some examples:
- `["l", "footstr", "#t"]` - the publisher thinks the given entity should have the `footstr` topic applied.
- `["l", "<pubkey>", "#p"]` - the publisher thinks the given entity is related to `<pubkey>`
- `["l", "IT-MI", "ISO-3166-2"]` - Milano, Italy using ISO 3166-2.
- `["l", "VI-hum", "com.example.ontology"]` - Violence toward a human being as defined by ontology.example.com.
`L` tags containing the label namespaces MUST be included in order to support searching by
namespace rather than by a specific tag. The special `ugc` ("user generated content") namespace
MAY be used when the label content is provided by an end user.
`l` and `L` tags MAY be added to other event kinds to support self-reporting. For events
with a kind other than 1985, labels refer to the event itself.
Label Annotations
-----
A label tag MAY include a 4th positional element detailing extra metadata about the label in question. This string
should be a json-encoded object. Any key MAY be used, but the following are recommended:
- `quality` may have a value of 0 to 1. This allows for an absolute, granular scale that can be represented in any way (5 stars, color scale, etc).
- `confidence` may have a value of 0 to 1. This indicates the certainty which the author has about their rating.
- `context` may be an array of urls (including NIP-21 urls) indicating other context that should be considered when interpreting labels.
Content
-------
Labels should be short, meaningful strings. Longer discussions, such as for a review, or an
explanation of why something was labeled the way it was, should go in the event's `content` field.
Self-Reporting
-------
`l` and `L` tags MAY be added to other event kinds to support self-reporting. For events
with a kind other than 1985, labels refer to the event itself.
Example events
--------------
@ -71,36 +65,64 @@ A suggestion that multiple pubkeys be associated with the `permies` topic.
["p", <pubkey1>, <relay_url>],
["p", <pubkey2>, <relay_url>]
],
"content": "",
...
}
```
A review of a relay.
A report flagging violence toward a human being as defined by ontology.example.com.
```json
{
"kind": 1985,
"tags": [
["L", "com.example.ontology"],
["l", "relay/review", "com.example.ontology", "{\"quality\": 0.1}"],
["r", <relay_url>]
["l", "VI-hum", "com.example.ontology"],
["p", <pubkey1>, <relay_url>],
["p", <pubkey2>, <relay_url>]
],
"content": "This relay is full of mean people.",
...
}
```
Publishers can self-label by adding `l` tags to their own non-1985 events.
A moderation suggestion for a chat event.
```json
{
"kind": 1985,
"tags": [
["L", "nip28.moderation"],
["l", "approve", "nip28.moderation"],
["e", <kind40_event_id>, <relay_url>]
],
...
}
```
Assignment of a license to an event.
```json
{
"kind": 1985,
"tags": [
["L", "license"],
["l", "MIT", "license"],
["e", <event_id>, <relay_url>]
],
...
}
```
Publishers can self-label by adding `l` tags to their own non-1985 events. In this case, the kind 1 event's author
is labeling their note as being related to Milan, Italy using ISO 3166-2.
```json
{
"kind": 1,
"tags": [
["L", "com.example.ontology"],
["l", "IL-frd", "com.example.ontology"]
["L", "ISO-3166-2"],
["l", "IT-MI", "ISO-3166-2"]
],
"content": "Send me 100 sats and I'll send you 200 back",
"content": "It's beautiful here in Milan!",
...
}
```
@ -124,3 +146,8 @@ Vocabularies MAY choose to fully qualify all labels within a namespace (for exam
formal vocabularies that should not be confused with another namespace when querying
without an `L` tag. For these vocabularies, all labels SHOULD include the namespace
(rather than mixing qualified and unqualified labels).
A good heuristic for whether a use case fits this NIP is whether labels would ever be unique.
For example, many events might be labeled with a particular place, topic, or pubkey, but labels
with specific values like "John Doe" or "3.18743" are not labels, they are values, and should
be handled in some other way.

2
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@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ NIP-33
Parameterized Replaceable Events
--------------------------------
`final` `mandatory` `author:Semisol` `author:Kukks` `author:Cameri` `author:Giszmo`
`final` `mandatory`
Moved to [NIP-01](01.md).

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ NIP-36
Sensitive Content / Content Warning
-----------------------------------
`draft` `optional` `author:fernandolguevara`
`draft` `optional`
The `content-warning` tag enables users to specify if the event's content needs to be approved by readers to be shown.
Clients can hide the content until the user acts on it.
@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ options:
["l", "reason", "content-warning"],
["L", "social.nos.ontology"],
["l", "NS-nud", "social.nos.ontology"],
["content-warning", "reason"] /* reason is optional */
["content-warning", "<optional reason>"]
],
"content": "sensitive content with #hastag\n",
"id": "<event-id>"

4
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ NIP-38
User Statuses
--------------
`draft` `optional` `author:jb55`
`draft` `optional`
## Abstract
@ -57,3 +57,5 @@ Clients MAY display this next to the username on posts or profiles to provide li
* Nostr music streaming services that update your music status when you're listening
* Podcasting apps that update your music status when you're listening to a podcast, with a link for others to listen as well
* Clients can use the system media player to update playing music status
The `content` MAY include emoji(s), or [NIP-30](30.md) custom emoji(s). If the `content` is an empty string then the client should clear the status.

8
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ NIP-39
External Identities in Profiles
-------------------------------
`draft` `optional` `author:pseudozach` `author:Semisol`
`draft` `optional`
## Abstract
@ -15,15 +15,13 @@ Nostr protocol users may have other online identities such as usernames, profile
A new optional `i` tag is introduced for `kind 0` metadata event contents in addition to name, about, picture fields as included in [NIP-01](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/01.md):
```json
{
"id": <id>,
"pubkey": <pubkey>,
...
"tags": [
["i", "github:semisol", "9721ce4ee4fceb91c9711ca2a6c9a5ab"],
["i", "twitter:semisol_public", "1619358434134196225"],
["i", "mastodon:bitcoinhackers.org/@semisol", "109775066355589974"]
["i", "telegram:1087295469", "nostrdirectory/770"]
]
],
...
}
```

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@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ NIP-40
======
Expiration Timestamp
-----------------------------------
--------------------
`draft` `optional` `author:0xtlt`
`draft` `optional`
The `expiration` tag enables users to specify a unix timestamp at which the message SHOULD be considered expired (by relays and clients) and SHOULD be deleted by relays.

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ NIP-42
Authentication of clients to relays
-----------------------------------
`draft` `optional` `author:Semisol` `author:fiatjaf`
`draft` `optional`
This NIP defines a way for clients to authenticate to relays by signing an ephemeral event.
@ -12,69 +12,86 @@ This NIP defines a way for clients to authenticate to relays by signing an ephem
A relay may want to require clients to authenticate to access restricted resources. For example,
- A relay may request payment or other forms of whitelisting to publish events -- this can naïvely be achieved by limiting publication
to events signed by the whitelisted key, but with this NIP they may choose to accept any events as long as they are published from an
authenticated user;
- A relay may limit access to `kind: 4` DMs to only the parties involved in the chat exchange, and for that it may require authentication
before clients can query for that kind.
- A relay may request payment or other forms of whitelisting to publish events -- this can naïvely be achieved by limiting publication to events signed by the whitelisted key, but with this NIP they may choose to accept any events as long as they are published from an authenticated user;
- A relay may limit access to `kind: 4` DMs to only the parties involved in the chat exchange, and for that it may require authentication before clients can query for that kind.
- A relay may limit subscriptions of any kind to paying users or users whitelisted through any other means, and require authentication.
## Definitions
This NIP defines a new message, `AUTH`, which relays can send when they support authentication and clients can send to relays when they want
to authenticate. When sent by relays, the message is of the following form:
### New client-relay protocol messages
```
This NIP defines a new message, `AUTH`, which relays CAN send when they support authentication and clients can send to relays when they want to authenticate. When sent by relays the message has the following form:
```json
["AUTH", <challenge-string>]
```
And, when sent by clients, of the following form:
And, when sent by clients, the following form:
```
```json
["AUTH", <signed-event-json>]
```
The signed event is an ephemeral event not meant to be published or queried, it must be of `kind: 22242` and it should have at least two tags,
one for the relay URL and one for the challenge string as received from the relay.
Relays MUST exclude `kind: 22242` events from being broadcasted to any client.
`created_at` should be the current time. Example:
`AUTH` messages sent by clients MUST be answered with an `OK` message, like any `EVENT` message.
### Canonical authentication event
The signed event is an ephemeral event not meant to be published or queried, it must be of `kind: 22242` and it should have at least two tags, one for the relay URL and one for the challenge string as received from the relay. Relays MUST exclude `kind: 22242` events from being broadcasted to any client. `created_at` should be the current time. Example:
```json
{
"id": "...",
"pubkey": "...",
"created_at": 1669695536,
"kind": 22242,
"tags": [
["relay", "wss://relay.example.com/"],
["challenge", "challengestringhere"]
],
"content": "",
"sig": "..."
...
}
```
### `OK` and `CLOSED` machine-readable prefixes
This NIP defines two new prefixes that can be used in `OK` (in response to event writes by clients) and `CLOSED` (in response to rejected subscriptions by clients):
- `"auth-required: "` - for when a client has not performed `AUTH` and the relay requires that to fulfill the query or write the event.
- `"restricted: "` - for when a client has already performed `AUTH` but the key used to perform it is still not allowed by the relay or is exceeding its authorization.
## Protocol flow
At any moment the relay may send an `AUTH` message to the client containing a challenge. After receiving that the client may decide to
authenticate itself or not. The challenge is expected to be valid for the duration of the connection or until a next challenge is sent by
the relay.
At any moment the relay may send an `AUTH` message to the client containing a challenge. The challenge is valid for the duration of the connection or until another challenge is sent by the relay. The client MAY decide to send its `AUTH` event at any point and the authenticated session is valid afterwards for the duration of the connection.
The client may send an auth message right before performing an action for which it knows authentication will be required -- for example, right
before requesting `kind: 4` chat messages --, or it may do right on connection start or at some other moment it deems best. The authentication
is expected to last for the duration of the WebSocket connection.
### `auth-required` in response to a `REQ` message
Upon receiving a message from an unauthenticated user it can't fulfill without authentication, a relay may choose to notify the client. For
that it can use a `NOTICE` or `OK` message with a standard prefix `"restricted: "` that is readable both by humans and machines, for example:
Given that a relay is likely to require clients to perform authentication only for certain jobs, like answering a `REQ` or accepting an `EVENT` write, these are some expected common flows:
```
["NOTICE", "restricted: we can't serve DMs to unauthenticated users, does your client implement NIP-42?"]
relay: ["AUTH", "<challenge>"]
client: ["REQ", "sub_1", {"kinds": [4]}]
relay: ["CLOSED", "sub_1", "auth-required: we can't serve DMs to unauthenticated users"]
client: ["AUTH", {"id": "abcdef...", ...}]
relay: ["OK", "abcdef...", true, ""]
client: ["REQ", "sub_1", {"kinds": [4]}]
relay: ["EVENT", "sub_1", {...}]
relay: ["EVENT", "sub_1", {...}]
relay: ["EVENT", "sub_1", {...}]
relay: ["EVENT", "sub_1", {...}]
...
```
or it can return an `OK` message noting the reason an event was not written using the same prefix:
In this case, the `AUTH` message from the relay could be sent right as the client connects or it can be sent immediately before the `CLOSED` is sent. The only requirement is that _the client must have a stored challenge associated with that relay_ so it can act upon that in response to the `auth-required` `CLOSED` message.
### `auth-required` in response to an `EVENT` message
The same flow is valid for when a client wants to write an `EVENT` to the relay, except now the relay sends back an `OK` message instead of a `CLOSED` message:
```
["OK", <event-id>, false, "restricted: we do not accept events from unauthenticated users, please sign up at https://example.com/"]
relay: ["AUTH", "<challenge>"]
client: ["EVENT", {"id": "012345...", ...}]
relay: ["OK", "012345...", false, "auth-required: we only accept events from registered users"]
client: ["AUTH", {"id": "abcdef...", ...}]
relay: ["OK", "abcdef...", true, ""]
client: ["EVENT", {"id": "012345...", ...}]
relay: ["OK", "012345...", true, ""]
```
## Signed Event Verification

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@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
NIP-44
=====
Encrypted Payloads (Versioned)
------------------------------
`optional`
The NIP introduces a new data format for keypair-based encryption. This NIP is versioned
to allow multiple algorithm choices to exist simultaneously. This format may be used for
many things, but MUST be used in the context of a signed event as described in NIP 01.
*Note*: this format DOES NOT define any `kind`s related to a new direct messaging standard,
only the encryption required to define one. It SHOULD NOT be used as a drop-in replacement
for NIP 04 payloads.
## Versions
Currently defined encryption algorithms:
- `0x00` - Reserved
- `0x01` - Deprecated and undefined
- `0x02` - secp256k1 ECDH, HKDF, padding, ChaCha20, HMAC-SHA256, base64
## Limitations
Every nostr user has their own public key, which solves key distribution problems present
in other solutions. However, nostr's relay-based architecture makes it difficult to implement
more robust private messaging protocols with things like metadata hiding, forward secrecy,
and post compromise secrecy.
The goal of this NIP is to have a _simple_ way to encrypt payloads used in the context of a signed
event. When applying this NIP to any use case, it's important to keep in mind your users' threat
model and this NIP's limitations. For high-risk situations, users should chat in specialized E2EE
messaging software and limit use of nostr to exchanging contacts.
On its own, messages sent using this scheme have a number of important shortcomings:
- No deniability: it is possible to prove an event was signed by a particular key
- No forward secrecy: when a key is compromised, it is possible to decrypt all previous conversations
- No post-compromise security: when a key is compromised, it is possible to decrypt all future conversations
- No post-quantum security: a powerful quantum computer would be able to decrypt the messages
- IP address leak: user IP may be seen by relays and all intermediaries between user and relay
- Date leak: `created_at` is public, since it is a part of NIP 01 event
- Limited message size leak: padding only partially obscures true message length
- No attachments: they are not supported
Lack of forward secrecy may be partially mitigated by only sending messages to trusted relays, and asking
relays to delete stored messages after a certain duration has elapsed.
## Version 2
NIP-44 version 2 has the following design characteristics:
- Payloads are authenticated using a MAC before signing rather than afterwards because events are assumed
to be signed as specified in NIP-01. The outer signature serves to authenticate the full payload, and MUST
be validated before decrypting.
- ChaCha is used instead of AES because it's faster and has
[better security against multi-key attacks](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-irtf-cfrg-aead-limits/).
- ChaCha is used instead of XChaCha because XChaCha has not been standardized. Also, xChaCha's improved collision
resistance of nonces isn't necessary since every message has a new (key, nonce) pair.
- HMAC-SHA256 is used instead of Poly1305 because polynomial MACs are much easier to forge.
- SHA256 is used instead of SHA3 or BLAKE because it is already used in nostr. Also BLAKE's speed advantage
is smaller in non-parallel environments.
- A custom padding scheme is used instead of padmé because it provides better leakage reduction for small messages.
- Base64 encoding is used instead of another compression algorithm because it is widely available, and is already used in nostr.
### Encryption
1. Calculate a conversation key
- Execute ECDH (scalar multiplication) of public key B by private key A
Output `shared_x` must be unhashed, 32-byte encoded x coordinate of the shared point
- Use HKDF-extract with sha256, `IKM=shared_x` and `salt=utf8_encode('nip44-v2')`
- HKDF output will be a `conversation_key` between two users.
- It is always the same, when key roles are swapped: `conv(a, B) == conv(b, A)`
2. Generate a random 32-byte nonce
- Always use [CSPRNG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographically_secure_pseudorandom_number_generator)
- Don't generate a nonce from message content
- Don't re-use the same nonce between messages: doing so would make them decryptable,
but won't leak the long-term key
3. Calculate message keys
- The keys are generated from `conversation_key` and `nonce`. Validate that both are 32 bytes long
- Use HKDF-expand, with sha256, `PRK=conversation_key`, `info=nonce` and `L=76`
- Slice 76-byte HKDF output into: `chacha_key` (bytes 0..32), `chacha_nonce` (bytes 32..44), `hmac_key` (bytes 44..76)
4. Add padding
- Content must be encoded from UTF-8 into byte array
- Validate plaintext length. Minimum is 1 byte, maximum is 65535 bytes
- Padding format is: `[plaintext_length: u16][plaintext][zero_bytes]`
- Padding algorithm is related to powers-of-two, with min padded msg size of 32
- Plaintext length is encoded in big-endian as first 2 bytes of the padded blob
5. Encrypt padded content
- Use ChaCha20, with key and nonce from step 3
6. Calculate MAC (message authentication code)
- AAD (additional authenticated data) is used - instead of calculating MAC on ciphertext,
it's calculated over a concatenation of `nonce` and `ciphertext`
- Validate that AAD (nonce) is 32 bytes
7. Base64-encode (with padding) params using `concat(version, nonce, ciphertext, mac)`
Encrypted payloads MUST be included in an event's payload, hashed, and signed as defined in NIP 01, using schnorr
signature scheme over secp256k1.
### Decryption
Before decryption, the event's pubkey and signature MUST be validated as defined in NIP 01. The public key MUST be
a valid non-zero secp256k1 curve point, and the signature must be valid secp256k1 schnorr signature. For exact
validation rules, refer to BIP-340.
1. Check if first payload's character is `#`
- `#` is an optional future-proof flag that means non-base64 encoding is used
- The `#` is not present in base64 alphabet, but, instead of throwing `base64 is invalid`,
implementations MUST indicate that the encryption version is not yet supported
2. Decode base64
- Base64 is decoded into `version, nonce, ciphertext, mac`
- If the version is unknown, implementations must indicate that the encryption version is not supported
- Validate length of base64 message to prevent DoS on base64 decoder: it can be in range from 132 to 87472 chars
- Validate length of decoded message to verify output of the decoder: it can be in range from 99 to 65603 bytes
3. Calculate conversation key
- See step 1 of [encryption](#Encryption)
4. Calculate message keys
- See step 3 of [encryption](#Encryption)
5. Calculate MAC (message authentication code) with AAD and compare
- Stop and throw an error if MAC doesn't match the decoded one from step 2
- Use constant-time comparison algorithm
6. Decrypt ciphertext
- Use ChaCha20 with key and nonce from step 3
7. Remove padding
- Read the first two BE bytes of plaintext that correspond to plaintext length
- Verify that the length of sliced plaintext matches the value of the two BE bytes
- Verify that calculated padding from step 3 of the [encryption](#Encryption) process matches the actual padding
### Details
- Cryptographic methods
- `secure_random_bytes(length)` fetches randomness from CSPRNG.
- `hkdf(IKM, salt, info, L)` represents HKDF [(RFC 5869)](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5869)
with SHA256 hash function comprised of methods `hkdf_extract(IKM, salt)` and `hkdf_expand(OKM, info, L)`.
- `chacha20(key, nonce, data)` is ChaCha20 [(RFC 8439)](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8439) with
starting counter set to 0.
- `hmac_sha256(key, message)` is HMAC [(RFC 2104)](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2104).
- `secp256k1_ecdh(priv_a, pub_b)` is multiplication of point B by scalar a (`a ⋅ B`), defined in
[BIP340](https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/e918b50731397872ad2922a1b08a5a4cd1d6d546/bip-0340.mediawiki).
The operation produces a shared point, and we encode the shared point's 32-byte x coordinate, using method
`bytes(P)` from BIP340. Private and public keys must be validated as per BIP340: pubkey must be a valid,
on-curve point, and private key must be a scalar in range `[1, secp256k1_order - 1]`.
- Operators
- `x[i:j]`, where `x` is a byte array and `i, j <= 0` returns a `(j - i)`-byte array with a copy of the
`i`-th byte (inclusive) to the `j`-th byte (exclusive) of `x`.
- Constants `c`:
- `min_plaintext_size` is 1. 1b msg is padded to 32b.
- `max_plaintext_size` is 65535 (64kb - 1). It is padded to 65536.
- Functions
- `base64_encode(string)` and `base64_decode(bytes)` are Base64 ([RFC 4648](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4648), with padding)
- `concat` refers to byte array concatenation
- `is_equal_ct(a, b)` is constant-time equality check of 2 byte arrays
- `utf8_encode(string)` and `utf8_decode(bytes)` transform string to byte array and back
- `write_u8(number)` restricts number to values 0..255 and encodes into Big-Endian uint8 byte array
- `write_u16_be(number)` restricts number to values 0..65535 and encodes into Big-Endian uint16 byte array
- `zeros(length)` creates byte array of length `length >= 0`, filled with zeros
- `floor(number)` and `log2(number)` are well-known mathematical methods
### Implementation pseudocode
The following is a collection of python-like pseudocode functions which implement the above primitives,
intended to guide implementers. A collection of implementations in different languages is available at https://github.com/paulmillr/nip44.
```py
# Calculates length of the padded byte array.
def calc_padded_len(unpadded_len):
next_power = 1 << (floor(log2(unpadded_len - 1))) + 1
if next_power <= 256:
chunk = 32
else:
chunk = next_power / 8
if unpadded_len <= 32:
return 32
else:
return chunk * (floor((len - 1) / chunk) + 1)
# Converts unpadded plaintext to padded bytearray
def pad(plaintext):
unpadded = utf8_encode(plaintext)
unpadded_len = len(plaintext)
if (unpadded_len < c.min_plaintext_size or
unpadded_len > c.max_plaintext_size): raise Exception('invalid plaintext length')
prefix = write_u16_be(unpadded_len)
suffix = zeros(calc_padded_len(unpadded_len) - unpadded_len)
return concat(prefix, unpadded, suffix)
# Converts padded bytearray to unpadded plaintext
def unpad(padded):
unpadded_len = read_uint16_be(padded[0:2])
unpadded = padded[2:2+unpadded_len]
if (unpadded_len == 0 or
len(unpadded) != unpadded_len or
len(padded) != 2 + calc_padded_len(unpadded_len)): raise Exception('invalid padding')
return utf8_decode(unpadded)
# metadata: always 65b (version: 1b, nonce: 32b, max: 32b)
# plaintext: 1b to 0xffff
# padded plaintext: 32b to 0xffff
# ciphertext: 32b+2 to 0xffff+2
# raw payload: 99 (65+32+2) to 65603 (65+0xffff+2)
# compressed payload (base64): 132b to 87472b
def decode_payload(payload):
plen = len(payload)
if plen == 0 or payload[0] == '#': raise Exception('unknown version')
if plen < 132 or plen > 87472: raise Exception('invalid payload size')
data = base64_decode(payload)
dlen = len(d)
if dlen < 99 or dlen > 65603: raise Exception('invalid data size');
vers = data[0]
if vers != 2: raise Exception('unknown version ' + vers)
nonce = data[1:33]
ciphertext = data[33:dlen - 32]
mac = data[dlen - 32:dlen]
return (nonce, ciphertext, mac)
def hmac_aad(key, message, aad):
if len(aad) != 32: raise Exception('AAD associated data must be 32 bytes');
return hmac(sha256, key, concat(aad, message));
# Calculates long-term key between users A and B: `get_key(Apriv, Bpub) == get_key(Bpriv, Apub)`
def get_conversation_key(private_key_a, public_key_b):
shared_x = secp256k1_ecdh(private_key_a, public_key_b)
return hkdf_extract(IKM=shared_x, salt=utf8_encode('nip44-v2'))
# Calculates unique per-message key
def get_message_keys(conversation_key, nonce):
if len(conversation_key) != 32: raise Exception('invalid conversation_key length')
if len(nonce) != 32: raise Exception('invalid nonce length')
keys = hkdf_expand(OKM=conversation_key, info=nonce, L=76)
chacha_key = keys[0:32]
chacha_nonce = keys[32:44]
hmac_key = keys[44:76]
return (chacha_key, chacha_nonce, hmac_key)
def encrypt(plaintext, conversation_key, nonce):
(chacha_key, chacha_nonce, hmac_key) = get_message_keys(conversation_key, nonce)
padded = pad(plaintext)
ciphertext = chacha20(key=chacha_key, nonce=chacha_nonce, data=padded)
mac = hmac_aad(key=hmac_key, message=ciphertext, aad=nonce)
return base64_encode(concat(write_u8(2), nonce, ciphertext, mac))
def decrypt(payload, conversation_key):
(nonce, ciphertext, mac) = decode_payload(payload)
(chacha_key, chacha_nonce, hmac_key) = get_message_keys(conversation_key, nonce)
calculated_mac = hmac_aad(key=hmac_key, message=ciphertext, aad=nonce)
if not is_equal_ct(calculated_mac, mac): raise Exception('invalid MAC')
padded_plaintext = chacha20(key=chacha_key, nonce=chacha_nonce, data=ciphertext)
return unpad(padded_plaintext)
# Usage:
# conversation_key = get_conversation_key(sender_privkey, recipient_pubkey)
# nonce = secure_random_bytes(32)
# payload = encrypt('hello world', conversation_key, nonce)
# 'hello world' == decrypt(payload, conversation_key)
```
### Audit
The v2 of the standard was audited by [Cure53](https://cure53.de) in December 2023.
Check out [audit-2023.12.pdf](https://github.com/paulmillr/nip44/blob/ce63c2eaf345e9f7f93b48f829e6bdeb7e7d7964/audit-2023.12.pdf)
and [auditor's website](https://cure53.de/audit-report_nip44-implementations.pdf).
### Tests and code
A collection of implementations in different languages is available at https://github.com/paulmillr/nip44.
We publish extensive test vectors. Instead of having it in the document directly, a sha256 checksum of vectors is provided:
269ed0f69e4c192512cc779e78c555090cebc7c785b609e338a62afc3ce25040 nip44.vectors.json
Example of a test vector from the file:
```json
{
"sec1": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
"sec2": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002",
"conversation_key": "c41c775356fd92eadc63ff5a0dc1da211b268cbea22316767095b2871ea1412d",
"nonce": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
"plaintext": "a",
"payload": "AgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABee0G5VSK0/9YypIObAtDKfYEAjD35uVkHyB0F4DwrcNaCXlCWZKaArsGrY6M9wnuTMxWfp1RTN9Xga8no+kF5Vsb"
}
```
The file also contains intermediate values. A quick guidance with regards to its usage:
- `valid.get_conversation_key`: calculate conversation_key from secret key sec1 and public key pub2
- `valid.get_message_keys`: calculate chacha_key, chacha_nonce, hmac_key from conversation_key and nonce
- `valid.calc_padded_len`: take unpadded length (first value), calculate padded length (second value)
- `valid.encrypt_decrypt`: emulate real conversation. Calculate pub2 from sec2, verify conversation_key from (sec1, pub2), encrypt, verify payload, then calculate pub1 from sec1, verify conversation_key from (sec2, pub1), decrypt, verify plaintext.
- `valid.encrypt_decrypt_long_msg`: same as previous step, but instead of a full plaintext and payload, their checksum is provided.
- `invalid.encrypt_msg_lengths`
- `invalid.get_conversation_key`: calculating conversation_key must throw an error
- `invalid.decrypt`: decrypting message content must throw an error

32
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ NIP-45
Event Counts
--------------
`draft` `optional` `author:staab`
`draft` `optional`
Relays may support the verb `COUNT`, which provides a mechanism for obtaining event counts.
@ -16,29 +16,45 @@ Some queries a client may want to execute against connected relays are prohibiti
This NIP defines the verb `COUNT`, which accepts a subscription id and filters as specified in [NIP 01](01.md) for the verb `REQ`. Multiple filters are OR'd together and aggregated into a single count result.
```
```json
["COUNT", <subscription_id>, <filters JSON>...]
```
Counts are returned using a `COUNT` response in the form `{"count": <integer>}`. Relays may use probabilistic counts to reduce compute requirements.
In case a relay uses probabilistic counts, it MAY indicate it in the response with `approximate` key i.e. `{"count": <integer>, "approximate": <true|false>}`.
```
```json
["COUNT", <subscription_id>, {"count": <integer>}]
```
Examples:
Whenever the relay decides to refuse to fulfill the `COUNT` request, it MUST return a `CLOSED` message.
```
# Followers count
## Examples
### Followers count
```json
["COUNT", <subscription_id>, {"kinds": [3], "#p": [<pubkey>]}]
["COUNT", <subscription_id>, {"count": 238}]
```
# Count posts and reactions
### Count posts and reactions
```json
["COUNT", <subscription_id>, {"kinds": [1, 7], "authors": [<pubkey>]}]
["COUNT", <subscription_id>, {"count": 5}]
```
# Count posts approximately
### Count posts approximately
```
["COUNT", <subscription_id>, {"kinds": [1]}]
["COUNT", <subscription_id>, {"count": 93412452, "approximate": true}]
```
### Relay refuses to count
```
["COUNT", <subscription_id>, {"kinds": [4], "authors": [<pubkey>], "#p": [<pubkey>]}]
["CLOSED", <subscription_id>, "auth-required: cannot count other people's DMs"]
```

194
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@ -2,161 +2,97 @@ NIP-46
======
Nostr Connect
------------------------
-------------
`draft` `optional` `author:tiero` `author:giowe` `author:vforvalerio87`
`draft` `optional`
## Rationale
This NIP describes a method for 2-way communication between a **remote signer** and a normal Nostr client. The remote signer could be, for example, a hardware device dedicated to signing Nostr events, while the client is a normal Nostr client.
Private keys should be exposed to as few systems - apps, operating systems, devices - as possible as each system adds to the attack surface.
## Signer Discovery
Entering private keys can also be annoying and requires exposing them to even more systems such as the operating system's clipboard that might be monitored by malicious apps.
The client always starts by generating a random key which is used to communicate with the signer, then it one of the methods below is used to allow the client to know what is the signer public key for the session and which relays to use.
### Started by the signer (nsecBunker)
## Terms
The remote signer generates a connection token in the form
* **App**: Nostr app on any platform that *requires* to act on behalf of a nostr account.
* **Signer**: Nostr app that holds the private key of a nostr account and *can sign* on its behalf.
```
bunker://<hex-pubkey>?relay=wss://...&relay=wss://...&secret=<optional-secret>
```
The user copies that token and pastes it in the client UI somehow. Then the client can send events of kind `24133` to the specified relays and wait for responses from the remote signer.
## `TL;DR`
### Started by the client
The client generates a QR code in the following form (URL-encoded):
**App** and **Signer** sends ephemeral encrypted messages to each other using kind `24133`, using a relay of choice.
```
nostrconnect://<client-key-hex>?relay=wss://...&metadata={"name":"...", "url": "...", "description": "..."}
```
App prompts the Signer to do things such as fetching the public key or signing events.
The signer scans the QR code and sends a `connect` message to the client in the specified relays.
The `content` field must be an encrypted JSONRPC-ish **request** or **response**.
## Event payloads
## Signer Protocol
Event payloads are [NIP-04](04.md)-encrypted JSON blobs that look like JSONRPC messages (their format is specified inside the `.content` of the event formats below).
### Messages
Events sent by the client to the remote signer have the following format:
#### Request
```json
```js
{
"id": <random_string>,
"method": <one_of_the_methods>,
"params": [<anything>, <else>]
"pubkey": "<client-key-hex>"
"kind": 24133,
"tags": [
["p", "<signer-key-hex>"]
],
"content": "nip04_encrypted_json({id: <random-string>, method: <see-below>, params: [array_of_strings]})",
...
}
```
#### Response
And the events the remote signer sends to the client have the following format:
```json
{
"id": <request_id>,
"result": <anything>,
"error": <reason>
}
```js
"pubkey": "<signer-key-hex>"
"kind": 24133,
"tags": [
["p", "<client-key-hex>"]
],
"content": "nip04_encrypted_json({id: <request-id>, result: <string>, error: <reason-string>})",
...
```
The signer key will always be the key of the user who controls the signer device.
### Methods
#### Mandatory
These are mandatory methods the remote signer app MUST implement:
- **describe**
- params []
- result `["describe", "get_public_key", "sign_event", "connect", "disconnect", "delegate", ...]`
- **get_public_key**
- params []
- result `pubkey`
- **sign_event**
- params [`event`]
- result `event_with_signature`
#### optional
- **connect**
- params [`pubkey`]
- **disconnect**
- params []
- **delegate**
- params [`delegatee`, `{ kind: number, since: number, until: number }`]
- result `{ from: string, to: string, cond: string, sig: string }`
- params: [`pubkey`, `secret`]
- result: `"ack"`
- **get_public_key**
- params: []
- result: `pubkey-hex`
- **sign_event**
- params: [`event`]
- result: `json_string(event_with_pubkey_id_and_signature)`
- **get_relays**
- params []
- result `{ [url: string]: {read: boolean, write: boolean} }`
- params: []
- result: `json_string({[url: string]: {read: boolean, write: boolean}})`
- **nip04_encrypt**
- params [`pubkey`, `plaintext`]
- result `nip4 ciphertext`
- params: [`third-party-pubkey`, `plaintext`]
- result: `nip04-ciphertext`
- **nip04_decrypt**
- params [`pubkey`, `nip4 ciphertext`]
- result [`plaintext`]
NOTICE: `pubkey` and `signature` are hex-encoded strings.
### Nostr Connect URI
**Signer** discovers **App** by scanning a QR code, clicking on a deep link or copy-pasting an URI.
The **App** generates a special URI with prefix `nostrconnect://` and base path the hex-encoded `pubkey` with the following querystring parameters **URL encoded**
- `relay` URL of the relay of choice where the **App** is connected and the **Signer** must send and listen for messages.
- `metadata` metadata JSON of the **App**
- `name` human-readable name of the **App**
- `url` (optional) URL of the website requesting the connection
- `description` (optional) description of the **App**
- `icons` (optional) array of URLs for icons of the **App**.
#### JavaScript
```js
const uri = `nostrconnect://<pubkey>?relay=${encodeURIComponent("wss://relay.damus.io")}&metadata=${encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify({"name": "Example"}))}`
```
#### Example
```sh
nostrconnect://b889ff5b1513b641e2a139f661a661364979c5beee91842f8f0ef42ab558e9d4?relay=wss%3A%2F%2Frelay.damus.io&metadata=%7B%22name%22%3A%22Example%22%7D
```
## Flows
The `content` field contains encrypted message as specified by [NIP04](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/04.md). The `kind` chosen is `24133`.
### Connect
1. User clicks on **"Connect"** button on a website or scan it with a QR code
2. It will show an URI to open a "nostr connect" enabled **Signer**
3. In the URI there is a pubkey of the **App** ie. `nostrconnect://<pubkey>&relay=<relay>&metadata=<metadata>`
4. The **Signer** will send a message to ACK the `connect` request, along with his public key
### Disconnect (from App)
1. User clicks on **"Disconnect"** button on the **App**
2. The **App** will send a message to the **Signer** with a `disconnect` request
3. The **Signer** will send a message to ACK the `disconnect` request
### Disconnect (from Signer)
1. User clicks on **"Disconnect"** button on the **Signer**
2. The **Signer** will send a message to the **App** with a `disconnect` request
### Get Public Key
1. The **App** will send a message to the **Signer** with a `get_public_key` request
3. The **Signer** will send back a message with the public key as a response to the `get_public_key` request
### Sign Event
1. The **App** will send a message to the **Signer** with a `sign_event` request along with the **event** to be signed
2. The **Signer** will show a popup to the user to inspect the event and sign it
3. The **Signer** will send back a message with the event including the `id` and the schnorr `signature` as a response to the `sign_event` request
### Delegate
1. The **App** will send a message with metadata to the **Signer** with a `delegate` request along with the **conditions** query string and the **pubkey** of the **App** to be delegated.
2. The **Signer** will show a popup to the user to delegate the **App** to sign on his behalf
3. The **Signer** will send back a message with the signed [NIP-26 delegation token](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/26.md) or reject it
- params: [`third-party-pubkey`, `nip04-ciphertext`]
- result: `plaintext`
- **nip44_get_key**
- params: [`third-party-pubkey`]
- result: `nip44-conversation-key`
- **nip44_encrypt**
- params: [`third-party-pubkey`, `plaintext`]
- result: `nip44-ciphertext`
- **nip44_decrypt**
- params: [`third-party-pubkey`, `nip44-ciphertext`]
- result: `plaintext`
- **ping**
- params: []
- result: `"pong"`

282
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ NIP-47
Nostr Wallet Connect
--------------------
`draft` `optional` `author:kiwiidb` `author:bumi` `author:semisol` `author:vitorpamplona`
`draft` `optional`
## Rationale
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ This NIP describes a way for clients to access a remote Lightning wallet through
* **wallet service**: Nostr app that typically runs on an always-on computer (eg. in the cloud or on a Raspberry Pi). This app has access to the APIs of the wallets it serves.
## Theory of Operation
1. **Users** who which to use this NIP to send lightning payments to other nostr users must first acquire a special "connection" URI from their NIP-47 compliant wallet application. The wallet application may provide this URI using a QR screen, or a pasteable string, or some other means.
1. **Users** who wish to use this NIP to send lightning payments to other nostr users must first acquire a special "connection" URI from their NIP-47 compliant wallet application. The wallet application may provide this URI using a QR screen, or a pasteable string, or some other means.
2. The **user** should then copy this URI into their **client(s)** by pasting, or scanning the QR, etc. The **client(s)** should save this URI and use it later whenever the **user** makes a payment. The **client** should then request an `info` (13194) event from the relay(s) specified in the URI. The **wallet service** will have sent that event to those relays earlier, and the relays will hold it as a replaceable event.
@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ The info event should be a replaceable event that is published by the **wallet s
a plaintext string with the supported commands, space-separated, eg. `pay_invoice get_balance`. Only the `pay_invoice` command is described in this NIP, but other commands might be defined in different NIPs.
Both the request and response events SHOULD contain one `p` tag, containing the public key of the **wallet service** if this is a request, and the public key of the **user** if this is a response. The response event SHOULD contain an `e` tag with the id of the request event it is responding to.
Optionally, a request can have an `expiration` tag that has a unix timestamp in seconds. If the request is received after this timestamp, it should be ignored.
The content of requests and responses is encrypted with [NIP04](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/04.md), and is a JSON-RPCish object with a semi-fixed structure:
@ -108,7 +109,8 @@ Request:
{
"method": "pay_invoice",
"params": {
"invoice": "lnbc50n1..." // bolt11 invoice
"invoice": "lnbc50n1...", // bolt11 invoice
"amount": 123, // invoice amount in msats, optional
}
}
```
@ -126,10 +128,282 @@ Response:
Errors:
- `PAYMENT_FAILED`: The payment failed. This may be due to a timeout, exhausting all routes, insufficient capacity or similar.
### `multi_pay_invoice`
Description: Requests payment of multiple invoices.
Request:
```jsonc
{
"method": "multi_pay_invoice",
"params": {
"invoices": [
{"id":"4da52c32a1", "invoice": "lnbc1...", "amount": 123}, // bolt11 invoice and amount in msats, amount is optional
{"id":"3da52c32a1", "invoice": "lnbc50n1..."},
],
}
}
```
Response:
For every invoice in the request, a separate response event is sent. To differentiate between the responses, each
response event contains an `d` tag with the id of the invoice it is responding to, if no id was given, then the
payment hash of the invoice should be used.
```jsonc
{
"result_type": "multi_pay_invoice",
"result": {
"preimage": "0123456789abcdef..." // preimage of the payment
}
}
```
Errors:
- `PAYMENT_FAILED`: The payment failed. This may be due to a timeout, exhausting all routes, insufficient capacity or similar.
### `pay_keysend`
Request:
```jsonc
{
"method": "pay_keysend",
"params": {
"amount": 123, // invoice amount in msats, required
"pubkey": "03...", // payee pubkey, required
"preimage": "0123456789abcdef...", // preimage of the payment, optional
"tlv_records: [ // tlv records, optional
{
"type": 5482373484, // tlv type
"value": "0123456789abcdef" // hex encoded tlv value
}
]
}
}
```
Response:
```jsonc
{
"result_type": "pay_keysend",
"result": {
"preimage": "0123456789abcdef...", // preimage of the payment
}
}
```
Errors:
- `PAYMENT_FAILED`: The payment failed. This may be due to a timeout, exhausting all routes, insufficient capacity or similar.
### `multi_pay_keysend`
Description: Requests multiple keysend payments.
Has an array of keysends, these follow the same semantics as `pay_keysend`, just done in a batch
Request:
```jsonc
{
"method": "multi_pay_keysend",
"params": {
"keysends": [
{"id": "4c5b24a351", pubkey": "03...", "amount": 123},
{"id": "3da52c32a1", "pubkey": "02...", "amount": 567, "preimage": "abc123..", "tlv_records": [{"type": 696969, "value": "77616c5f6872444873305242454d353736"}]},
],
}
}
```
Response:
For every keysend in the request, a separate response event is sent. To differentiate between the responses, each
response event contains an `d` tag with the id of the keysend it is responding to, if no id was given, then the
pubkey should be used.
```jsonc
{
"result_type": "multi_pay_keysend",
"result": {
"preimage": "0123456789abcdef..." // preimage of the payment
}
}
```
Errors:
- `PAYMENT_FAILED`: The payment failed. This may be due to a timeout, exhausting all routes, insufficient capacity or similar.
### `make_invoice`
Request:
```jsonc
{
"method": "make_invoice",
"params": {
"amount": 123, // value in msats
"description": "string", // invoice's description, optional
"description_hash": "string", // invoice's description hash, optional
"expiry": 213 // expiry in seconds from time invoice is created, optional
}
}
```
Response:
```jsonc
{
"result_type": "make_invoice",
"result": {
"type": "incoming", // "incoming" for invoices, "outgoing" for payments
"invoice": "string", // encoded invoice, optional
"description": "string", // invoice's description, optional
"description_hash": "string", // invoice's description hash, optional
"preimage": "string", // payment's preimage, optional if unpaid
"payment_hash": "string", // Payment hash for the payment
"amount": 123, // value in msats
"fees_paid": 123, // value in msats
"created_at": unixtimestamp, // invoice/payment creation time
"expires_at": unixtimestamp, // invoice expiration time, optional if not applicable
"metadata": {} // generic metadata that can be used to add things like zap/boostagram details for a payer name/comment/etc.
}
}
```
### `lookup_invoice`
Request:
```jsonc
{
"method": "lookup_invoice",
"params": {
"payment_hash": "31afdf1..", // payment hash of the invoice, one of payment_hash or invoice is required
"invoice": "lnbc50n1..." // invoice to lookup
}
}
```
Response:
```jsonc
{
"result_type": "lookup_invoice",
"result": {
"type": "incoming", // "incoming" for invoices, "outgoing" for payments
"invoice": "string", // encoded invoice, optional
"description": "string", // invoice's description, optional
"description_hash": "string", // invoice's description hash, optional
"preimage": "string", // payment's preimage, optional if unpaid
"payment_hash": "string", // Payment hash for the payment
"amount": 123, // value in msats
"fees_paid": 123, // value in msats
"created_at": unixtimestamp, // invoice/payment creation time
"expires_at": unixtimestamp, // invoice expiration time, optional if not applicable
"settled_at": unixtimestamp, // invoice/payment settlement time, optional if unpaid
"metadata": {} // generic metadata that can be used to add things like zap/boostagram details for a payer name/comment/etc.
}
}
```
Errors:
- `NOT_FOUND`: The invoice could not be found by the given parameters.
### `list_transactions`
Lists invoices and payments. If `type` is not specified, both invoices and payments are returned.
The `from` and `until` parameters are timestamps in seconds since epoch. If `from` is not specified, it defaults to 0.
If `until` is not specified, it defaults to the current time. Transactions are returned in descending order of creation
time.
Request:
```jsonc
{
"method": "list_transactions",
"params": {
"from": 1693876973, // starting timestamp in seconds since epoch (inclusive), optional
"until": 1703225078, // ending timestamp in seconds since epoch (inclusive), optional
"limit": 10, // maximum number of invoices to return, optional
"offset": 0, // offset of the first invoice to return, optional
"unpaid": true, // include unpaid invoices, optional, default false
"type": "incoming", // "incoming" for invoices, "outgoing" for payments, undefined for both
}
}
```
Response:
```jsonc
{
"result_type": "list_transactions",
"result": {
"transactions": [
{
"type": "incoming", // "incoming" for invoices, "outgoing" for payments
"invoice": "string", // encoded invoice, optional
"description": "string", // invoice's description, optional
"description_hash": "string", // invoice's description hash, optional
"preimage": "string", // payment's preimage, optional if unpaid
"payment_hash": "string", // Payment hash for the payment
"amount": 123, // value in msats
"fees_paid": 123, // value in msats
"created_at": unixtimestamp, // invoice/payment creation time
"expires_at": unixtimestamp, // invoice expiration time, optional if not applicable
"settled_at": unixtimestamp, // invoice/payment settlement time, optional if unpaid
"metadata": {} // generic metadata that can be used to add things like zap/boostagram details for a payer name/comment/etc.
}
],
},
}
```
### `get_balance`
Request:
```jsonc
{
"method": "get_balance",
"params": {
}
}
```
Response:
```jsonc
{
"result_type": "get_balance",
"result": {
"balance": 10000, // user's balance in msats
}
}
```
### `get_info`
Request:
```jsonc
{
"method": "get_info",
"params": {
}
}
```
Response:
```jsonc
{
"result_type": "get_info",
"result": {
"alias": "string",
"color": "hex string",
"pubkey": "hex string",
"network": "string", // mainnet, testnet, signet, or regtest
"block_height": 1,
"block_hash": "hex string",
"methods": ["pay_invoice", "get_balance", "make_invoice", "lookup_invoice", "list_transactions", "get_info"], // list of supported methods for this connection
}
}
```
## Example pay invoice flow
0. The user scans the QR code generated by the **wallet service** with their **client** application, they follow a `nostr+walletconnect:` deeplink or configure the connection details manually.
1. **client** sends an event to the **wallet service** service with kind `23194`. The content is a `pay_invoice` request. The private key is the secret from the connection string above.
1. **client** sends an event to the **wallet service** with kind `23194`. The content is a `pay_invoice` request. The private key is the secret from the connection string above.
2. **wallet service** verifies that the author's key is authorized to perform the payment, decrypts the payload and sends the payment.
3. **wallet service** responds to the event by sending an event with kind `23195` and content being a response either containing an error message or a preimage.

2
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ NIP-48
Proxy Tags
----------
`draft` `optional` `author:alexgleason`
`draft` `optional`
Nostr events bridged from other protocols such as ActivityPub can link back to the source object by including a `"proxy"` tag, in the form:

112
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@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
NIP-49
======
Private Key Encryption
----------------------
`draft` `optional`
This NIP defines a method by which clients can encrypt (and decrypt) a user's private key with a password.
Symmetric Encryption Key derivation
-----------------------------------
PASSWORD = read from the user
LOG\_N = Let the user or implementer choose one byte representing a power of 2 (e.g. 18 represents 262,144) which is used as the number of rounds for scrypt. Larger numbers take more time and more memory, and offer better protection:
| LOG\_N | MEMORY REQUIRED | APPROX TIME ON FAST COMPUTER |
|--------|-----------------|----------------------------- |
| 16 | 64 MiB | 100 ms |
| 18 | 256 MiB | |
| 20 | 1 GiB | 2 seconds |
| 21 | 2 GiB | |
| 22 | 4 GiB | |
SALT = 16 random bytes
SYMMETRIC_KEY = scrypt(password=PASSWORD, salt=SALT, log\_n=LOG\_N, r=8, p=1)
The symmetric key should be 32 bytes long.
This symmetric encryption key is temporary and should be zeroed and discarded after use and not stored or reused for any other purpose.
Encrypting a private key
------------------------
The private key encryption process is as follows:
PRIVATE\_KEY = User's private (secret) secp256k1 key as 32 raw bytes (not hex or bech32 encoded!)
KEY\_SECURITY\_BYTE = one of:
* 0x00 - if the key has been known to have been handled insecurely (stored unencrypted, cut and paste unencrypted, etc)
* 0x01 - if the key has NOT been known to have been handled insecurely (stored unencrypted, cut and paste unencrypted, etc)
* 0x02 - if the client does not track this data
ASSOCIATED\_DATA = KEY\_SECURITY\_BYTE
NONCE = 24 byte random nonce
CIPHERTEXT = XChaCha20-Poly1305(
plaintext=PRIVATE\_KEY,
associated_data=ASSOCIATED\_DATA,
nonce=NONCE,
key=SYMMETRIC\_KEY
)
VERSION\_NUMBER = 0x02
CIPHERTEXT_CONCATENATION = concat(
VERSION\_NUMBER,
LOG\_N,
SALT,
NONCE,
ASSOCIATED\_DATA,
CIPHERTEXT
)
ENCRYPTED\_PRIVATE\_KEY = bech32_encode('ncryptsec', CIPHERTEXT\_CONCATENATION)
The output prior to bech32 encoding should be 91 bytes long.
The decryption process operates in the reverse.
Test Data
---------
The following encrypted private key:
`ncryptsec1qgg9947rlpvqu76pj5ecreduf9jxhselq2nae2kghhvd5g7dgjtcxfqtd67p9m0w57lspw8gsq6yphnm8623nsl8xn9j4jdzz84zm3frztj3z7s35vpzmqf6ksu8r89qk5z2zxfmu5gv8th8wclt0h4p`
When decrypted with password='nostr' and log_n=16 yields the following hex-encoded private key:
`3501454135014541350145413501453fefb02227e449e57cf4d3a3ce05378683`
The reverse process is non-deterministic due to the random nonce.
Discussion
----------
### On Key Derivation
Passwords make poor cryptographic keys. Prior to use as a cryptographic key, two things need to happen:
1. An encryption key needs to be deterministically created from the password such that is has a uniform functionally random distribution of bits, such that the symmetric encryption algorithm's assumptions are valid, and
2. A slow irreversible algorithm should be injected into the process, so that brute-force attempts to decrypt by trying many passwords are severely hampered.
These are achieved using a password-based key derivation function. We use scrypt, which has been proven to be maximally memory hard and which several cryptographers have indicated to the author is better than argon2 even though argon2 won a competition in 2015.
### On the symmetric encryption algorithm
XChaCha20-Poly1305 is typically favored by cryptographers over AES and is less associated with the U.S. government. It (or it's earlier variant without the 'X') is gaining wide usage, is used in TLS and OpenSSH, and is available in most modern crypto libraries.
Recommendations
---------
It is not recommended that users publish these encrypted private keys to nostr, as cracking a key may become easier when an attacker can amass many encrypted private keys.
It is recommended that clients zero out the memory of passwords and private keys before freeing that memory.

4
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ NIP-50
Search Capability
-----------------
`draft` `optional` `author:brugeman` `author:mikedilger` `author:fiatjaf`
`draft` `optional`
## Abstract
@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ implementation details between relays.
Clients MAY verify that events returned by a relay match the specified query in a way that suits the
client's use case, and MAY stop querying relays that have low precision.
Relays SHOULD exclude spam from search results by default if they supports some form of spam filtering.
Relays SHOULD exclude spam from search results by default if they support some form of spam filtering.
## Extensions

197
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@ -4,145 +4,112 @@ NIP-51
Lists
-----
`draft` `optional` `author:fiatjaf` `author:arcbtc` `author:monlovesmango` `author:eskema` `author:gzuuus`
`draft` `optional`
A "list" event is defined as having a list of public and/or private tags. Public tags will be listed in the event `tags`. Private tags will be encrypted in the event `content`. Encryption for private tags will use [NIP-04 - Encrypted Direct Message](04.md) encryption, using the list author's private and public key for the shared secret. A distinct event kind should be used for each list type created.
This NIP defines lists of things that users can create. Lists can contain references to anything, and these references can be **public** or **private**.
If a list should only be defined once per user (like the "mute" list) the list is declared as a _replaceable event_. These lists may be referred to as "replaceable lists". Otherwise, the list is a _parameterized replaceable event_ and the list name will be used as the `d` tag. These lists may be referred to as "parameterized replaceable lists".
Public items in a list are specified in the event `tags` array, while private items are specified in a JSON array that mimics the structure of the event `tags` array, but stringified and encrypted using the same scheme from [NIP-04](04.md) (the shared key is computed using the author's public and private key) and stored in the `.content`.
## Replaceable List Event Example
When new items are added to an existing list, clients SHOULD append them to the end of the list, so they are stored in chronological order.
Lets say a user wants to create a 'Mute' list and has keys:
```
priv: fb505c65d4df950f5d28c9e4d285ee12ffaf315deef1fc24e3c7cd1e7e35f2b1
pub: b1a5c93edcc8d586566fde53a20bdb50049a97b15483cb763854e57016e0fa3d
```
The user wants to publicly include these users:
## Types of lists
```json
["p", "3bf0c63fcb93463407af97a5e5ee64fa883d107ef9e558472c4eb9aaaefa459d"],
["p", "32e1827635450ebb3c5a7d12c1f8e7b2b514439ac10a67eef3d9fd9c5c68e245"]
```
and privately include these users (below is the JSON that would be encrypted and placed in the event content):
## Standard lists
```json
[
["p", "9ec7a778167afb1d30c4833de9322da0c08ba71a69e1911d5578d3144bb56437"],
["p", "8c0da4862130283ff9e67d889df264177a508974e2feb96de139804ea66d6168"]
]
```
Standard lists use non-parameterized replaceable events, meaning users may only have a single list of each kind. They have special meaning and clients may rely on them to augment a user's profile or browsing experience.
Then the user would create a 'Mute' list event like below:
For example, _mute list_ can contain the public keys of spammers and bad actors users don't want to see in their feeds or receive annoying notifications from.
| name | kind | description | expected tag items |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Mute list | 10000 | things the user doesn't want to see in their feeds | `"p"` (pubkeys), `"t"` (hashtags), `"word"` (lowercase string), `"e"` (threads) |
| Pinned notes | 10001 | events the user intends to showcase in their profile page | `"e"` (kind:1 notes) |
| Bookmarks | 10003 | uncategorized, "global" list of things a user wants to save | `"e"` (kind:1 notes), `"a"` (kind:30023 articles), `"t"` (hashtags), `"r"` (URLs) |
| Communities | 10004 | [NIP-72](72.md) communities the user belongs to | `"a"` (kind:34550 community definitions) |
| Public chats | 10005 | [NIP-28](28.md) chat channels the user is in | `"e"` (kind:40 channel definitions) |
| Blocked relays | 10006 | relays clients should never connect to | `"relay"` (relay URLs) |
| Search relays | 10007 | relays clients should use when performing search queries | `"relay"` (relay URLs) |
| Interests | 10015 | topics a user may be interested in and pointers | `"t"` (hashtags) and `"a"` (kind:30015 interest set) |
| Emojis | 10030 | user preferred emojis and pointers to emoji sets | `"emoji"` (see [NIP-30](30.md)) and `"a"` (kind:30030 emoji set) |
## Sets
Sets are lists with well-defined meaning that can enhance the functionality and the UI of clients that rely on them. Unlike standard lists, users are expected to have more than one set of each kind, therefore each of them must be assigned a different `"d"` identifier.
For example, _relay sets_ can be displayed in a dropdown UI to give users the option to switch to which relays they will publish an event or from which relays they will read the replies to an event; _curation sets_ can be used by apps to showcase curations made by others tagged to different topics.
Aside from their main identifier, the `"d"` tag, sets can optionally have a `"title"`, an `"image"` and a `"description"` tags that can be used to enhance their UI.
| name | kind | description | expected tag items |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Follow sets | 30000 | categorized groups of users a client may choose to check out in different circumstances | `"p"` (pubkeys) |
| Relay sets | 30002 | user-defined relay groups the user can easily pick and choose from during various operations | `"relay"` (relay URLs) |
| Bookmark sets | 30003 | user-defined bookmarks categories , for when bookmarks must be in labeled separate groups | `"e"` (kind:1 notes), `"a"` (kind:30023 articles), `"t"` (hashtags), `"r"` (URLs) |
| Curation sets | 30004 | groups of articles picked by users as interesting and/or belonging to the same category | `"a"` (kind:30023 articles), `"e"` (kind:1 notes) |
| Curation sets | 30005 | groups of videos picked by users as interesting and/or belonging to the same category | `"a"` (kind:34235 videos) |
| Interest sets | 30015 | interest topics represented by a bunch of "hashtags" | `"t"` (hashtags) |
| Emoji sets | 30030 | categorized emoji groups | `"emoji"` (see [NIP-30](30.md)) |
## Deprecated standard lists
Some clients have used these lists in the past, but they should work on transitioning to the [standard formats](#standard-lists) above.
| kind | "d" tag | use instead |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 30000 | `"mute"` | kind 10000 _mute list_ |
| 30001 | `"pin"` | kind 10001 _pin list_ |
| 30001 | `"bookmark"` | kind 10003 _bookmarks list_ |
| 30001 | `"communities"` | kind 10004 _communities list_ |
## Examples
### A _mute list_ with some public items and some encrypted items
```json
{
"id": "a92a316b75e44cfdc19986c634049158d4206fcc0b7b9c7ccbcdabe28beebcd0",
"pubkey": "854043ae8f1f97430ca8c1f1a090bdde6488bd5115c7a45307a2a212750ae4cb",
"created_at": 1699597889,
"kind": 10000,
"tags": [
["p", "3bf0c63fcb93463407af97a5e5ee64fa883d107ef9e558472c4eb9aaaefa459d"],
["p", "32e1827635450ebb3c5a7d12c1f8e7b2b514439ac10a67eef3d9fd9c5c68e245"],
["p", "07caba282f76441955b695551c3c5c742e5b9202a3784780f8086fdcdc1da3a9"],
["p", "a55c15f5e41d5aebd236eca5e0142789c5385703f1a7485aa4b38d94fd18dcc4"]
],
"content": "VezuSvWak++ASjFMRqBPWS3mK5pZ0vRLL325iuIL4S+r8n9z+DuMau5vMElz1tGC/UqCDmbzE2kwplafaFo/FnIZMdEj4pdxgptyBV1ifZpH3TEF6OMjEtqbYRRqnxgIXsuOSXaerWgpi0pm+raHQPseoELQI/SZ1cvtFqEUCXdXpa5AYaSd+quEuthAEw7V1jP+5TDRCEC8jiLosBVhCtaPpLcrm8HydMYJ2XB6Ixs=?iv=/rtV49RFm0XyFEwG62Eo9A==",
...other fields
"content": "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?iv=S3rFeFr1gsYqmQA7bNnNTQ==",
"sig": "1173822c53261f8cffe7efbf43ba4a97a9198b3e402c2a1df130f42a8985a2d0d3430f4de350db184141e45ca844ab4e5364ea80f11d720e36357e1853dba6ca"
}
```
## Parameterized Replaceable List Event Example
Lets say a user wants to create a 'Categorized People' list of `nostr` people and has keys:
```
priv: fb505c65d4df950f5d28c9e4d285ee12ffaf315deef1fc24e3c7cd1e7e35f2b1
pub: b1a5c93edcc8d586566fde53a20bdb50049a97b15483cb763854e57016e0fa3d
```
The user wants to publicly include these users:
```json
["p", "3bf0c63fcb93463407af97a5e5ee64fa883d107ef9e558472c4eb9aaaefa459d"],
["p", "32e1827635450ebb3c5a7d12c1f8e7b2b514439ac10a67eef3d9fd9c5c68e245"]
```
and privately include these users (below is the JSON that would be encrypted and placed in the event content):
```json
[
["p", "9ec7a778167afb1d30c4833de9322da0c08ba71a69e1911d5578d3144bb56437"],
["p", "8c0da4862130283ff9e67d889df264177a508974e2feb96de139804ea66d6168"]
]
```
Then the user would create a 'Categorized People' list event like below:
### A _curation set_ of articles and notes about yaks
```json
{
"kind": 30000,
"id": "567b41fc9060c758c4216fe5f8d3df7c57daad7ae757fa4606f0c39d4dd220ef",
"pubkey": "d6dc95542e18b8b7aec2f14610f55c335abebec76f3db9e58c254661d0593a0c",
"created_at": 1695327657,
"kind": 30004,
"tags": [
["d", "nostr"],
["p", "3bf0c63fcb93463407af97a5e5ee64fa883d107ef9e558472c4eb9aaaefa459d"],
["p", "32e1827635450ebb3c5a7d12c1f8e7b2b514439ac10a67eef3d9fd9c5c68e245"],
["d", "jvdy9i4"],
["name", "Yaks"],
["picture", "https://cdn.britannica.com/40/188540-050-9AC748DE/Yak-Himalayas-Nepal.jpg"],
["about", "The domestic yak, also known as the Tartary ox, grunting ox, or hairy cattle, is a species of long-haired domesticated cattle found throughout the Himalayan region of the Indian subcontinent, the Tibetan Plateau, Gilgit-Baltistan, Tajikistan and as far north as Mongolia and Siberia."],
["a", "30023:26dc95542e18b8b7aec2f14610f55c335abebec76f3db9e58c254661d0593a0c:95ODQzw3ajNoZ8SyMDOzQ"],
["a", "30023:54af95542e18b8b7aec2f14610f55c335abebec76f3db9e58c254661d0593a0c:1-MYP8dAhramH9J5gJWKx"],
["a", "30023:f8fe95542e18b8b7aec2f14610f55c335abebec76f3db9e58c254661d0593a0c:D2Tbd38bGrFvU0bIbvSMt"],
["e", "d78ba0d5dce22bfff9db0a9e996c9ef27e2c91051de0c4e1da340e0326b4941e"]
],
"content": "VezuSvWak++ASjFMRqBPWS3mK5pZ0vRLL325iuIL4S+r8n9z+DuMau5vMElz1tGC/UqCDmbzE2kwplafaFo/FnIZMdEj4pdxgptyBV1ifZpH3TEF6OMjEtqbYRRqnxgIXsuOSXaerWgpi0pm+raHQPseoELQI/SZ1cvtFqEUCXdXpa5AYaSd+quEuthAEw7V1jP+5TDRCEC8jiLosBVhCtaPpLcrm8HydMYJ2XB6Ixs=?iv=/rtV49RFm0XyFEwG62Eo9A==",
...other fields
"content": "",
"sig": "a9a4e2192eede77e6c9d24ddfab95ba3ff7c03fbd07ad011fff245abea431fb4d3787c2d04aad001cb039cb8de91d83ce30e9a94f82ac3c5a2372aa1294a96bd"
}
```
Lets say a user wants to create a 'Categorized Bookmarks' list of `bookmarks` and has keys:
```
priv: fb505c65d4df950f5d28c9e4d285ee12ffaf315deef1fc24e3c7cd1e7e35f2b1
pub: b1a5c93edcc8d586566fde53a20bdb50049a97b15483cb763854e57016e0fa3d
```
The user wants to publicly include these bookmarks:
## Encryption process pseudocode
```json
["e", "5c83da77af1dec6d7289834998ad7aafbd9e2191396d75ec3cc27f5a77226f36", "wss://nostr.example.com"],
["a", "30023:f7234bd4c1394dda46d09f35bd384dd30cc552ad5541990f98844fb06676e9ca:abcd", "wss://nostr.example.com"],
["r", "https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nostr", "Nostr repository"],
```
and privately include these bookmarks (below is the JSON that would be encrypted and placed in the event content):
```json
[
["r", "https://my-private.bookmark", "My private bookmark"],
["a", "30001:f7234bd4c1394dda46d09f35bd384dd30cc552ad5541990f98844fb06676e9ca:abcd", "wss://nostr.example.com"],
```scala
val private_items = [
["p", "07caba282f76441955b695551c3c5c742e5b9202a3784780f8086fdcdc1da3a9"],
["a", "a55c15f5e41d5aebd236eca5e0142789c5385703f1a7485aa4b38d94fd18dcc4"],
]
val base64blob = nip04.encrypt(json.encode_to_string(private_items))
event.content = base64blob
```
Then the user would create a 'Categorized Bookmarks' list event like below:
```json
{
"kind": 30001,
"tags": [
["d", "bookmarks"],
["e", "5c83da77af1dec6d7289834998ad7aafbd9e2191396d75ec3cc27f5a77226f36", "wss://nostr.example.com"],
["a", "30023:f7234bd4c1394dda46d09f35bd384dd30cc552ad5541990f98844fb06676e9ca:abcd", "wss://nostr.example.com"],
["r", "https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nostr", "Nostr repository"],
],
"content": "y3AyaLJfnmYr9x9Od9o4aYrmL9+Ynmsim5y2ONrU0urOTq+V81CyAthQ2mUOWE9xwGgrizhY7ILdQwWhy6FK0sA33GHtC0egUJw1zIdknPe7BZjznD570yk/8RXYgGyDKdexME+RMYykrnYFxq1+y/h00kmJg4u+Gpn+ZjmVhNYxl9b+TiBOAXG9UxnK/H0AmUqDpcldn6+j1/AiStwYZhD1UZ3jzDIk2qcCDy7MlGnYhSP+kNmG+2b0T/D1L0Z7?iv=PGJJfPE84gacAh7T0e6duQ==",
...other fields
}
```
## List Event Kinds
| kind | list type |
| ------ | ----------------------- |
| 10000 | Mute |
| 10001 | Pin |
| 30000 | Categorized People |
| 30001 | Categorized Bookmarks |
### Mute List
An event with kind `10000` is defined as a replaceable list event for listing content a user wants to mute. Any standardized tag can be included in a Mute List.
### Pin List
An event with kind `10001` is defined as a replaceable list event for listing content a user wants to pin. Any standardized tag can be included in a Pin List.
### Categorized People List
An event with kind `30000` is defined as a parameterized replaceable list event for categorizing people. The 'd' parameter for this event holds the category name of the list. The tags included in these lists MUST follow the format of kind 3 events as defined in [NIP-02 - Contact List and Petnames](02.md).
### Categorized Bookmarks List
An event of kind `30001` is defined as a parameterized replaceable list event for categorizing bookmarks. The 'd' parameter for this event holds the category name of the list. The bookmark lists may contain metadata tags such as 'title', 'image', 'summary' as defined in [NIP-23 - Long-form Content](23.md). Any standardized tag can be included in a Categorized Bookmark List.

62
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ NIP-52
Calendar Events
---------------
`draft` `optional` `author:tyiu`
`draft` `optional`
This specification defines calendar events representing an occurrence at a specific moment or between moments. These calendar events are _parameterized replaceable_ and deletable per [NIP-09](09.md).
@ -22,30 +22,33 @@ This kind of calendar event starts on a date and ends before a different date in
The format uses a parameterized replaceable event kind `31922`.
The `.content` of these events is optional and should be a detailed description of the calendar event.
The `.content` of these events should be a detailed description of the calendar event. It is required but can be an empty string.
The list of tags are as follows:
* `d` (required) universally unique identifier (UUID). Generated by the client creating the calendar event.
* `name` (required) name of the calendar event
* `title` (required) title of the calendar event
* `start` (required) inclusive start date in ISO 8601 format (YYYY-MM-DD). Must be less than `end`, if it exists.
* `end` (optional) exclusive end date in ISO 8601 format (YYYY-MM-DD). If omitted, the calendar event ends on the same date as `start`.
* `location` (optional) location of the calendar event. e.g. address, GPS coordinates, meeting room name, link to video call
* `g` (optional) [geohash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geohash) to associate calendar event with a searchable physical location as suggested as an example by [NIP-12](12.md)
* `location` (optional, repeated) location of the calendar event. e.g. address, GPS coordinates, meeting room name, link to video call
* `g` (optional) [geohash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geohash) to associate calendar event with a searchable physical location
* `p` (optional, repeated) 32-bytes hex pubkey of a participant, optional recommended relay URL, and participant's role in the meeting
* `t` (optional, repeated) hashtag to categorize calendar event
* `r` (optional, repeated) references / links to web pages, documents, video calls, recorded videos, etc.
```json
The following tags are deprecated:
* `name` name of the calendar event. Use only if `title` is not available.
```jsonc
{
"id": <32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded SHA-256 of the the serialized event data>,
"pubkey": <32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded public key of the event creator>,
"created_at": <Unix timestamp in seconds>,
"kind": "31922",
"kind": 31922,
"content": "<description of calendar event>",
"tags": [
["d", "<UUID>"],
["name", "<name of calendar event>"],
["title", "<title of calendar event>"],
// Dates
["start", "<YYYY-MM-DD>"],
@ -78,32 +81,35 @@ This kind of calendar event spans between a start time and end time.
The format uses a parameterized replaceable event kind `31923`.
The `.content` of these events is optional and should be a detailed description of the calendar event.
The `.content` of these events should be a detailed description of the calendar event. It is required but can be an empty string.
The list of tags are as follows:
* `d` (required) universally unique identifier (UUID). Generated by the client creating the calendar event.
* `name` (required) name of the calendar event
* `title` (required) title of the calendar event
* `start` (required) inclusive start Unix timestamp in seconds. Must be less than `end`, if it exists.
* `end` (optional) exclusive end Unix timestamp in seconds. If omitted, the calendar event ends instantaneously.
* `start_tzid` (optional) time zone of the start timestamp, as defined by the IANA Time Zone Database. e.g., `America/Costa_Rica`
* `end_tzid` (optional) time zone of the end timestamp, as defined by the IANA Time Zone Database. e.g., `America/Costa_Rica`. If omitted and `start_tzid` is provided, the time zone of the end timestamp is the same as the start timestamp.
* `location` (optional) location of the calendar event. e.g. address, GPS coordinates, meeting room name, link to video call
* `g` (optional) [geohash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geohash) to associate calendar event with a searchable physical location as suggested as an example by [NIP-12](12.md)
* `location` (optional, repeated) location of the calendar event. e.g. address, GPS coordinates, meeting room name, link to video call
* `g` (optional) [geohash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geohash) to associate calendar event with a searchable physical location
* `p` (optional, repeated) 32-bytes hex pubkey of a participant, optional recommended relay URL, and participant's role in the meeting
* `t` (optional, repeated) hashtag to categorize calendar event
* `r` (optional, repeated) references / links to web pages, documents, video calls, recorded videos, etc.
```json
The following tags are deprecated:
* `name` name of the calendar event. Use only if `title` is not available.
```jsonc
{
"id": <32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded SHA-256 of the the serialized event data>,
"pubkey": <32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded public key of the event creator>,
"created_at": <Unix timestamp in seconds>,
"kind": "31923",
"kind": 31923,
"content": "<description of calendar event>",
"tags": [
["d", "<UUID>"],
["name", "<name of calendar event>"],
["title", "<title of calendar event>"],
// Timestamps
["start", "<Unix timestamp in seconds>"],
@ -137,15 +143,23 @@ A calendar is a collection of calendar events, represented as a custom replaceab
### Format
The `.content` of these events should be a detailed description of the calendar. It is required but can be an empty string.
The format uses a custom replaceable list of kind `31924` with a list of tags as described below:
* `d` (required) calendar name
* `d` (required) universally unique identifier. Generated by the client creating the calendar.
* `title` (required) calendar title
* `a` (repeated) reference tag to kind `31922` or `31923` calendar event being responded to
```json
{
"id": <32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded SHA-256 of the the serialized event data>,
"pubkey": <32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded public key of the event creator>,
"created_at": <Unix timestamp in seconds>,
"kind": 31924,
"content": "<description of calendar>",
"tags": [
["d", "<calendar name>"],
["d", "<UUID>"],
["title", "<calendar title>"],
["a", "<31922 or 31923>:<calendar event author pubkey>:<d-identifier of calendar event>", "<optional relay url>"],
["a", "<31922 or 31923>:<calendar event author pubkey>:<d-identifier of calendar event>", "<optional relay url>"]
]
@ -173,25 +187,21 @@ The `.content` of these events is optional and should be a free-form note that a
The list of tags are as follows:
* `a` (required) reference tag to kind `31922` or `31923` calendar event being responded to.
* `d` (required) universally unique identifier. Generated by the client creating the calendar event RSVP.
* `L` (required) label namespace of `status` per [NIP-32](32.md)
* `l` (required) label of `accepted`, `declined`, or `tentative` under the label namespace of `status` per [NIP-32](32.md). Determines attendance status to the referenced calendar event.
* `L` (optional) label namespace of `freebusy` per [NIP-32](32.md). Exists if and only if corresponding `l` tag under the same label namespace exists.
* `l` (optional) label of `free` or `busy` under the label namespace of `freebusy` per [NIP-32](32.md). Determines if the user would be free or busy for the duration of the calendar event. This tag must be omitted or ignored if the `status` label is set to `declined`. Exists if and only if corresponding `l` tag under the same label namespace exists.
* `status` (required) `accepted`, `declined`, or `tentative`. Determines attendance status to the referenced calendar event.
* `fb` (optional) `free` or `busy`. Determines if the user would be free or busy for the duration of the calendar event. This tag must be omitted or ignored if the `status` label is set to `declined`.
```json
{
"id": <32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded SHA-256 of the the serialized event data>,
"pubkey": <32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded public key of the event creator>,
"created_at": <Unix timestamp in seconds>,
"kind": "31925",
"kind": 31925,
"content": "<note>",
"tags": [
["a", "<31922 or 31923>:<calendar event author pubkey>:<d-identifier of calendar event>", "<optional relay url>"],
["d", "<UUID>"],
["L", "status"],
["l", "<accepted/declined/tentative>", "status"],
["L", "freebusy"],
["l", "<free/busy>", "freebusy"]
["status", "<accepted/declined/tentative>"],
["fb", "<free/busy>"],
]
}
```

34
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@ -4,19 +4,19 @@ NIP-53
Live Activities
---------------
`draft` `optional` `author:vitorpamplona` `author:v0l`
`draft` `optional`
## Abstract
Service providers want to offer live activities to the Nostr network in such a way that participants can easily log and query by clients. This NIP describes a general framework to advertise the involvement of pubkeys in such live activities.
Service providers want to offer live activities to the Nostr network in such a way that participants can easily logged and queried by clients. This NIP describes a general framework to advertise the involvement of pubkeys in such live activities.
## Concepts
# Live Event
### Live Event
A special event with `kind:30311` "Live Event" is defined as a _parameterized replaceable event_ of public `p` tags. Each `p` tag SHOULD have a **displayable** marker name for the current role (e.g. `Host`, `Speaker`, `Participant`) of the user in the event and the relay information MAY be empty. This event will be constantly updated as participants join and leave the activity.
For example:
```js
```json
{
"kind": 30311,
"tags": [
@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ For example:
["relays", "wss://one.com", "wss://two.com", ...]
],
"content": "",
...other fields
...
}
```
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Live Activity management clients are expected to constantly update `kind:30311`
The activity MUST be linked to using the [NIP-19](19.md) `naddr` code along with the `a` tag.
## Proof of Agreement to Participate
### Proof of Agreement to Participate
Event owners can add proof as the 5th term in each `p` tag to clarify the participant's agreement in joining the event. The proof is a signed SHA256 of the complete `a` Tag of the event (`kind:pubkey:dTag`) by each `p`'s private key, encoded in hex.
@ -60,30 +60,28 @@ Clients MAY only display participants if the proof is available or MAY display p
This feature is important to avoid malicious event owners adding large account holders to the event, without their knowledge, to lure their followers into the malicious owner's trap.
# Live Chat Message
### Live Chat Message
Event `kind:1311` is live chat's channel message. Clients MUST include the `a` tag of the activity with a `root` marker. Other Kind-1 tags such as `reply` and `mention` can also be used.
```js
```json
{
"id": "<32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded SHA-256 of the the serialized event data>",
"pubkey": "<32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded public key of the event creator>",
"created_at": "<Unix timestamp in seconds>",
"kind": 1311,
"tags": [
["a", "30311:<Community event author pubkey>:<d-identifier of the community>", "<Optional relay url>", "root"],
],
"content": "Zaps to live streams is beautiful."
"content": "Zaps to live streams is beautiful.",
...
}
```
# Use Cases
## Use Cases
Common use cases include meeting rooms/workshops, watch-together activities, or event spaces, such as [live.snort.social](https://live.snort.social) and [nostrnests.com](https://nostrnests.com).
# Example
## Example
Live Streaming
### Live Streaming
```json
{
@ -96,7 +94,7 @@ Live Streaming
["title", "Adult Swim Metalocalypse"],
["summary", "Live stream from IPTV-ORG collection"],
["streaming", "https://adultswim-vodlive.cdn.turner.com/live/metalocalypse/stream.m3u8"],
["starts", "1687182672"]
["starts", "1687182672"],
["status", "live"],
["t", "animation"],
["t", "iptv"],
@ -107,7 +105,7 @@ Live Streaming
}
```
Live Streaming chat message
### Live Streaming chat message
```json
{

3
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@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
NIP-56
======
Reporting
---------
`draft` `optional` `author:jb55`
`draft` `optional`
A report is a `kind 1984` note that is used to report other notes for spam,
illegal and explicit content.

17
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ NIP-57
Lightning Zaps
--------------
`draft` `optional` `author:jb55` `author:kieran`
`draft` `optional`
This NIP defines two new event types for recording lightning payments between users. `9734` is a `zap request`, representing a payer's request to a recipient's lightning wallet for an invoice. `9735` is a `zap receipt`, representing the confirmation by the recipient's lightning wallet that the invoice issued in response to a `zap request` has been paid.
@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ A `zap request` is an event of kind `9734` that is _not_ published to relays, bu
In addition, the event MAY include the following tags:
- `e` is an optional hex-encoded event id. Clients MUST include this if zapping an event rather than a person.
- `a` is an optional NIP-33 event coordinate that allows tipping parameterized replaceable events such as NIP-23 long-form notes.
- `a` is an optional event coordinate that allows tipping parameterized replaceable events such as NIP-23 long-form notes.
Example:
@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ Example:
"kind": 9734,
"content": "Zap!",
"tags": [
["relays", "wss://nostr-pub.wellorder.com"],
["relays", "wss://nostr-pub.wellorder.com", "wss://anotherrelay.example.com"],
["amount", "21000"],
["lnurl", "lnurl1dp68gurn8ghj7um5v93kketj9ehx2amn9uh8wetvdskkkmn0wahz7mrww4excup0dajx2mrv92x9xp"],
["p", "04c915daefee38317fa734444acee390a8269fe5810b2241e5e6dd343dfbecc9"],
@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ A signed `zap request` event is not published, but is instead sent using a HTTP
- `nostr` is the `9734` `zap request` event, JSON encoded then URI encoded
- `lnurl` is the lnurl pay url of the recipient, encoded using bech32 with the prefix `lnurl`
This request should return a JSON response with a `pr` key, which is the invoice the sender must pay to finalize his zap. Here is an example flow:
This request should return a JSON response with a `pr` key, which is the invoice the sender must pay to finalize his zap. Here is an example flow in javascript:
```javascript
const senderPubkey // The sender's pubkey
@ -110,7 +110,8 @@ When a client sends a `zap request` event to a server's lnurl-pay callback URL,
4. It MUST have 0 or 1 `e` tags
5. There should be a `relays` tag with the relays to send the `zap receipt` to.
6. If there is an `amount` tag, it MUST be equal to the `amount` query parameter.
7. If there is an `a` tag, it MUST be a valid NIP-33 event coordinate
7. If there is an `a` tag, it MUST be a valid event coordinate
8. There MUST be 0 or 1 `P` tags. If there is one, it MUST be equal to the `zap receipt`'s `pubkey`.
The event MUST then be stored for use later, when the invoice is paid.
@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ The following should be true of the `zap receipt` event:
- The `content` SHOULD be empty.
- The `created_at` date SHOULD be set to the invoice `paid_at` date for idempotency.
- `tags` MUST include the `p` tag AND optional `e` tag from the `zap request`.
- `tags` MUST include the `p` tag (zap recipient) AND optional `e` tag from the `zap request` AND optional `a` tag from the `zap request` AND optional `P` tag from the pubkey of the zap request (zap sender).
- The `zap receipt` MUST have a `bolt11` tag containing the description hash bolt11 invoice.
- The `zap receipt` MUST contain a `description` tag which is the JSON-encoded invoice description.
- `SHA256(description)` MUST match the description hash in the bolt11 invoice.
@ -148,13 +149,13 @@ Example `zap receipt`:
"kind": 9735,
"tags": [
["p", "32e1827635450ebb3c5a7d12c1f8e7b2b514439ac10a67eef3d9fd9c5c68e245"],
["P", "97c70a44366a6535c145b333f973ea86dfdc2d7a99da618c40c64705ad98e322"],
["e", "3624762a1274dd9636e0c552b53086d70bc88c165bc4dc0f9e836a1eaf86c3b8"],
["bolt11", "lnbc10u1p3unwfusp5t9r3yymhpfqculx78u027lxspgxcr2n2987mx2j55nnfs95nxnzqpp5jmrh92pfld78spqs78v9euf2385t83uvpwk9ldrlvf6ch7tpascqhp5zvkrmemgth3tufcvflmzjzfvjt023nazlhljz2n9hattj4f8jq8qxqyjw5qcqpjrzjqtc4fc44feggv7065fqe5m4ytjarg3repr5j9el35xhmtfexc42yczarjuqqfzqqqqqqqqlgqqqqqqgq9q9qxpqysgq079nkq507a5tw7xgttmj4u990j7wfggtrasah5gd4ywfr2pjcn29383tphp4t48gquelz9z78p4cq7ml3nrrphw5w6eckhjwmhezhnqpy6gyf0"],
["description", "{\"pubkey\":\"32e1827635450ebb3c5a7d12c1f8e7b2b514439ac10a67eef3d9fd9c5c68e245\",\"content\":\"\",\"id\":\"d9cc14d50fcb8c27539aacf776882942c1a11ea4472f8cdec1dea82fab66279d\",\"created_at\":1674164539,\"sig\":\"77127f636577e9029276be060332ea565deaf89ff215a494ccff16ae3f757065e2bc59b2e8c113dd407917a010b3abd36c8d7ad84c0e3ab7dab3a0b0caa9835d\",\"kind\":9734,\"tags\":[[\"e\",\"3624762a1274dd9636e0c552b53086d70bc88c165bc4dc0f9e836a1eaf86c3b8\"],[\"p\",\"32e1827635450ebb3c5a7d12c1f8e7b2b514439ac10a67eef3d9fd9c5c68e245\"],[\"relays\",\"wss://relay.damus.io\",\"wss://nostr-relay.wlvs.space\",\"wss://nostr.fmt.wiz.biz\",\"wss://relay.nostr.bg\",\"wss://nostr.oxtr.dev\",\"wss://nostr.v0l.io\",\"wss://brb.io\",\"wss://nostr.bitcoiner.social\",\"ws://monad.jb55.com:8080\",\"wss://relay.snort.social\"]]}"],
["description", "{\"pubkey\":\"97c70a44366a6535c145b333f973ea86dfdc2d7a99da618c40c64705ad98e322\",\"content\":\"\",\"id\":\"d9cc14d50fcb8c27539aacf776882942c1a11ea4472f8cdec1dea82fab66279d\",\"created_at\":1674164539,\"sig\":\"77127f636577e9029276be060332ea565deaf89ff215a494ccff16ae3f757065e2bc59b2e8c113dd407917a010b3abd36c8d7ad84c0e3ab7dab3a0b0caa9835d\",\"kind\":9734,\"tags\":[[\"e\",\"3624762a1274dd9636e0c552b53086d70bc88c165bc4dc0f9e836a1eaf86c3b8\"],[\"p\",\"32e1827635450ebb3c5a7d12c1f8e7b2b514439ac10a67eef3d9fd9c5c68e245\"],[\"relays\",\"wss://relay.damus.io\",\"wss://nostr-relay.wlvs.space\",\"wss://nostr.fmt.wiz.biz\",\"wss://relay.nostr.bg\",\"wss://nostr.oxtr.dev\",\"wss://nostr.v0l.io\",\"wss://brb.io\",\"wss://nostr.bitcoiner.social\",\"ws://monad.jb55.com:8080\",\"wss://relay.snort.social\"]]}"],
["preimage", "5d006d2cf1e73c7148e7519a4c68adc81642ce0e25a432b2434c99f97344c15f"]
],
"content": "",
"sig": "b0a3c5c984ceb777ac455b2f659505df51585d5fd97a0ec1fdb5f3347d392080d4b420240434a3afd909207195dac1e2f7e3df26ba862a45afd8bfe101c2b1cc"
}
```

8
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@ -4,14 +4,14 @@ NIP-58
Badges
------
`draft` `optional` `author:cameri`
`draft` `optional`
Three special events are used to define, award and display badges in
user profiles:
1. A "Badge Definition" event is defined as a parameterized replaceable event with kind `30009` having a `d` tag with a value that uniquely identifies the badge (e.g. `bravery`) published by the badge issuer. Badge definitions can be updated.
2. A "Badge Award" event is a kind `8` event with a single `a` tag referencing a "Define Badge" event and one or more `p` tags, one for each pubkey the badge issuer wishes to award. Awarded badges are immutable and non-transferrable.
2. A "Badge Award" event is a kind `8` event with a single `a` tag referencing a "Badge Definition" event and one or more `p` tags, one for each pubkey the badge issuer wishes to award. Awarded badges are immutable and non-transferrable.
3. A "Profile Badges" event is defined as a parameterized replaceable event
with kind `30008` with a `d` tag with the value `profile_badges`.
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ The following tags MAY be present:
- A `name` tag with a short name for the badge.
- `image` tag whose value is the URL of a high-resolution image representing the badge. The second value optionally specifies the dimensions of the image as `width`x`height` in pixels. Badge recommended dimensions is 1024x1024 pixels.
- A `description` tag whose value MAY contain a textual representation of the
image, the meaning behind the badge, or the reason of it's issuance.
image, the meaning behind the badge, or the reason of its issuance.
- One or more `thumb` tags whose first value is an URL pointing to a thumbnail version of the image referenced in the `image` tag. The second value optionally specifies the dimensions of the thumbnail as `width`x`height` in pixels.
### Badge Award event
@ -62,8 +62,6 @@ Users MAY choose to decorate their profiles with badges for fame, notoriety, rec
### Recommendations
Badge issuers MAY include some Proof of Work as per [NIP-13](13.md) when minting Badge Definitions or Badge Awards to embed them with a combined energy cost, arguably making them more special and valuable for users that wish to collect them.
Clients MAY whitelist badge issuers (pubkeys) for the purpose of ensuring they retain a valuable/special factor for their users.
Badge image recommended aspect ratio is 1:1 with a high-res size of 1024x1024 pixels.

252
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@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
NIP-59
======
Gift Wrap
---------
`optional`
This NIP defines a protocol for encapsulating any nostr event. This makes it possible to obscure most metadata
for a given event, perform collaborative signing, and more.
This NIP *does not* define any messaging protocol. Applications of this NIP should be defined separately.
This NIP relies on [NIP-44](./44.md)'s versioned encryption algorithms.
# Overview
This protocol uses three main concepts to protect the transmission of a target event: `rumor`s, `seal`s, and `gift wrap`s.
- A `rumor` is a regular nostr event, but is **not signed**. This means that if it is leaked, it cannot be verified.
- A `rumor` is serialized to JSON, encrypted, and placed in the `content` field of a `seal`. The `seal` is then
signed by the author of the note. The only information publicly available on a `seal` is who signed it, but not what was said.
- A `seal` is serialized to JSON, encrypted, and placed in the `content` field of a `gift wrap`.
This allows the isolation of concerns across layers:
- A rumor carries the content but is unsigned, which means if leaked it will be rejected by relays and clients,
and can't be authenticated. This provides a measure of deniability.
- A seal identifies the author without revealing the content or the recipient.
- A gift wrap can add metadata (recipient, tags, a different author) without revealing the true author.
# Protocol Description
## 1. The Rumor Event Kind
A `rumor` is the same thing as an unsigned event. Any event kind can be made a `rumor` by removing the signature.
## 2. The Seal Event Kind
A `seal` is a `kind:13` event that wraps a `rumor` with the sender's regular key. The `seal` is **always** encrypted
to a receiver's pubkey but there is no `p` tag pointing to the receiver. There is no way to know who the rumor is for
without the receiver's or the sender's private key. The only public information in this event is who is signing it.
```js
{
"id": "<id>",
"pubkey": "<real author's pubkey>",
"content": "<encrypted rumor>",
"kind": 13,
"created_at": 1686840217,
"tags": [],
"sig": "<real author's pubkey signature>"
}
```
Tags MUST must always be empty in a `kind:13`. The inner event MUST always be unsigned.
## 3. Gift Wrap Event Kind
A `gift wrap` event is a `kind:1059` event that wraps any other event. `tags` SHOULD include any information
needed to route the event to its intended recipient, including the recipient's `p` tag or [NIP-13](13.md) proof of work.
```js
{
"id": "<id>",
"pubkey": "<random, one-time-use pubkey>",
"content": "<encrypted kind 13>",
"kind": 1059,
"created_at": 1686840217,
"tags": [["p", "<recipient pubkey>"]],
"sig": "<random, one-time-use pubkey signature>"
}
```
# Encrypting Payloads
Encryption is done following [NIP-44](44.md) on the JSON-encoded event. Place the encryption payload in the `.content`
of the wrapper event (either a `seal` or a `gift wrap`).
# Other Considerations
If a `rumor` is intended for more than one party, or if the author wants to retain an encrypted copy, a single
`rumor` may be wrapped and addressed for each recipient individually.
The canonical `created_at` time belongs to the `rumor`. All other timestamps SHOULD be tweaked to thwart
time-analysis attacks. Note that some relays don't serve events dated in the future, so all timestamps
SHOULD be in the past.
Relays may choose not to store gift wrapped events due to them not being publicly useful. Clients MAY choose
to attach a certain amount of proof-of-work to the wrapper event per [NIP-13](13.md) in a bid to demonstrate that
the event is not spam or a denial-of-service attack.
To protect recipient metadata, relays SHOULD guard access to `kind 1059` events based on user AUTH. When
possible, clients should only send wrapped events to relays that offer this protection.
To protect recipient metadata, relays SHOULD only serve `kind 1059` events intended for the marked recipient.
When possible, clients should only send wrapped events to `read` relays for the recipient that implement
AUTH, and refuse to serve wrapped events to non-recipients.
# An Example
Let's send a wrapped `kind 1` message between two parties asking "Are you going to the party tonight?"
- Author private key: `0beebd062ec8735f4243466049d7747ef5d6594ee838de147f8aab842b15e273`
- Recipient private key: `e108399bd8424357a710b606ae0c13166d853d327e47a6e5e038197346bdbf45`
- Ephemeral wrapper key: `4f02eac59266002db5801adc5270700ca69d5b8f761d8732fab2fbf233c90cbd`
Note that this messaging protocol should not be used in practice, this is just an example. Refer to other
NIPs for concrete messaging protocols that depend on gift wraps.
## 1. Create an event
Create a `kind 1` event with the message, the receivers, and any other tags you want, signed by the author.
Do not sign the event.
```json
{
"created_at": 1691518405,
"content": "Are you going to the party tonight?",
"tags": [],
"kind": 1,
"pubkey": "611df01bfcf85c26ae65453b772d8f1dfd25c264621c0277e1fc1518686faef9",
"id": "9dd003c6d3b73b74a85a9ab099469ce251653a7af76f523671ab828acd2a0ef9"
}
```
## 2. Seal the rumor
Encrypt the JSON-encoded `rumor` with a conversation key derived using the author's private key and
the recipient's public key. Place the result in the `content` field of a `kind 13` `seal` event. Sign
it with the author's key.
```json
{
"content": "AqBCdwoS7/tPK+QGkPCadJTn8FxGkd24iApo3BR9/M0uw6n4RFAFSPAKKMgkzVMoRyR3ZS/aqATDFvoZJOkE9cPG/TAzmyZvr/WUIS8kLmuI1dCA+itFF6+ULZqbkWS0YcVU0j6UDvMBvVlGTzHz+UHzWYJLUq2LnlynJtFap5k8560+tBGtxi9Gx2NIycKgbOUv0gEqhfVzAwvg1IhTltfSwOeZXvDvd40rozONRxwq8hjKy+4DbfrO0iRtlT7G/eVEO9aJJnqagomFSkqCscttf/o6VeT2+A9JhcSxLmjcKFG3FEK3Try/WkarJa1jM3lMRQqVOZrzHAaLFW/5sXano6DqqC5ERD6CcVVsrny0tYN4iHHB8BHJ9zvjff0NjLGG/v5Wsy31+BwZA8cUlfAZ0f5EYRo9/vKSd8TV0wRb9DQ=",
"kind": 13,
"created_at": 1703015180,
"pubkey": "611df01bfcf85c26ae65453b772d8f1dfd25c264621c0277e1fc1518686faef9",
"tags": [],
"id": "28a87d7c074d94a58e9e89bb3e9e4e813e2189f285d797b1c56069d36f59eaa7",
"sig": "02fc3facf6621196c32912b1ef53bac8f8bfe9db51c0e7102c073103586b0d29c3f39bdaa1e62856c20e90b6c7cc5dc34ca8bb6a528872cf6e65e6284519ad73"
}
```
## 3. Wrap the seal
Encrypt the JSON-encoded `kind 13` event with your ephemeral, single-use random key. Place the result
in the `content` field of a `kind 1059`. Add a single `p` tag containing the recipient's public key.
Sign the `gift wrap` using the random key generated in the previous step.
```json
{
"content": "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",
"kind": 1059,
"created_at": 1703021488,
"pubkey": "18b1a75918f1f2c90c23da616bce317d36e348bcf5f7ba55e75949319210c87c",
"id": "5c005f3ccf01950aa8d131203248544fb1e41a0d698e846bd419cec3890903ac",
"sig": "35fabdae4634eb630880a1896a886e40fd6ea8a60958e30b89b33a93e6235df750097b04f9e13053764251b8bc5dd7e8e0794a3426a90b6bcc7e5ff660f54259"
"tags": [["p", "166bf3765ebd1fc55decfe395beff2ea3b2a4e0a8946e7eb578512b555737c99"]],
}
```
## 4. Broadcast Selectively
Broadcast the `kind 1059` event to the recipient's relays only. Delete all the other events.
# Code Samples
## JavaScript
```javascript
import {bytesToHex} from "@noble/hashes/utils"
import type {EventTemplate, UnsignedEvent, Event} from "nostr-tools"
import {getPublicKey, getEventHash, nip19, nip44, finalizeEvent, generateSecretKey} from "nostr-tools"
type Rumor = UnsignedEvent & {id: string}
const TWO_DAYS = 2 * 24 * 60 * 60
const now = () => Math.round(Date.now() / 1000)
const randomNow = () => Math.round(now() - (Math.random() * TWO_DAYS))
const nip44ConversationKey = (privateKey: Uint8Array, publicKey: string) =>
nip44.v2.utils.getConversationKey(bytesToHex(privateKey), publicKey)
const nip44Encrypt = (data: EventTemplate, privateKey: Uint8Array, publicKey: string) =>
nip44.v2.encrypt(JSON.stringify(data), nip44ConversationKey(privateKey, publicKey))
const nip44Decrypt = (data: Event, privateKey: Uint8Array) =>
JSON.parse(nip44.v2.decrypt(data.content, nip44ConversationKey(privateKey, data.pubkey)))
const createRumor = (event: Partial<UnsignedEvent>, privateKey: Uint8Array) => {
const rumor = {
created_at: now(),
content: "",
tags: [],
...event,
pubkey: getPublicKey(privateKey),
} as any
rumor.id = getEventHash(rumor)
return rumor as Rumor
}
const createSeal = (rumor: Rumor, privateKey: Uint8Array, recipientPublicKey: string) => {
return finalizeEvent(
{
kind: 13,
content: nip44Encrypt(rumor, privateKey, recipientPublicKey),
created_at: randomNow(),
tags: [],
},
privateKey
) as Event
}
const createWrap = (event: Event, recipientPublicKey: string) => {
const randomKey = generateSecretKey()
return finalizeEvent(
{
kind: 1059,
content: nip44Encrypt(event, randomKey, recipientPublicKey),
created_at: randomNow(),
tags: [["p", recipientPublicKey]],
},
randomKey
) as Event
}
// Test case using the above example
const senderPrivateKey = nip19.decode(`nsec1p0ht6p3wepe47sjrgesyn4m50m6avk2waqudu9rl324cg2c4ufesyp6rdg`).data
const recipientPrivateKey = nip19.decode(`nsec1uyyrnx7cgfp40fcskcr2urqnzekc20fj0er6de0q8qvhx34ahazsvs9p36`).data
const recipientPublicKey = getPublicKey(recipientPrivateKey)
const rumor = createRumor(
{
kind: 1,
content: "Are you going to the party tonight?",
},
senderPrivateKey
)
const seal = createSeal(rumor, senderPrivateKey, recipientPublicKey)
const wrap = createWrap(seal, recipientPublicKey)
// Recipient unwraps with his/her private key.
const unwrappedSeal = nip44Decrypt(wrap, recipientPrivateKey)
const unsealedRumor = nip44Decrypt(unwrappedSeal, recipientPrivateKey)
```

19
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@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ NIP-65
Relay List Metadata
-------------------
`draft` `optional` `author:mikedilger` `author:vitorpamplona`
`draft` `optional`
Defines a replaceable event using `kind:10002` to advertise preferred relays for discovering a user's content and receiving fresh content from others.
The event MUST include a list of `r` tags with relay URIs and a `read` or `write` marker. If the marker is omitted, the relay is used for both purposes.
The event MUST include a list of `r` tags with relay URIs and a `read` or `write` marker. Relays marked as `read` / `write` are called READ / WRITE relays, respectively. If the marker is omitted, the relay is used for both purposes.
The `.content` is not used.
@ -23,26 +23,27 @@ The `.content` is not used.
],
"content": "",
...other fields
}
```
This NIP doesn't fully replace relay lists that are designed to configure a client's usage of relays (such as `kind:3` style relay lists). Clients MAY use other relay lists in situations where a `kind:10002` relay list cannot be found.
## When to Use Read and Write
## When to Use Read and Write Relays
When seeking events **from** a user, Clients SHOULD use the WRITE relays of the user's `kind:10002`
When seeking events **from** a user, Clients SHOULD use the WRITE relays of the user's `kind:10002`.
When seeking events **about** a user, where the user was tagged, Clients SHOULD use the READ relays of the user's `kind:10002`
When seeking events **about** a user, where the user was tagged, Clients SHOULD use the READ relays of the user's `kind:10002`.
When broadcasting an event, Clients SHOULD:
- Broadcast the event to the WRITE relays of the author
- Broadcast the event all READ relays of each tagged user.
- Broadcast the event all READ relays of each tagged user
## Motivation
The old model of using a fixed relay list per user centralizes in large relay operators:
- Most users submit their posts to the same highly popular relays, aiming to achieve greater visibility among a broader audience.
- Most users submit their posts to the same highly popular relays, aiming to achieve greater visibility among a broader audience
- Many users are pulling events from a large number of relays in order to get more data at the expense of duplication
- Events are being copied between relays, oftentimes to many different relays
@ -52,10 +53,12 @@ This NIP allows Clients to connect directly with the most up-to-date relay set f
1. Clients SHOULD guide users to keep `kind:10002` lists small (2-4 relays).
2. Clients SHOULD spread an author's `kind:10002` events to as many relays as viable.
2. Clients SHOULD spread an author's `kind:10002` event to as many relays as viable.
3. `kind:10002` events should primarily be used to advertise the user's preferred relays to others. A user's own client may use other heuristics for selecting relays for fetching data.
4. DMs SHOULD only be broadcasted to the author's WRITE relays and to the receiver's READ relays to keep maximum privacy.
5. If a relay signals support for this NIP in their [NIP-11](11.md) document that means they're willing to accept kind 10002 events from a broad range of users, not only their paying customers or whitelisted group.
6. Clients SHOULD deduplicate connections by normalizing relay URIs according to [RFC 3986](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-6).

52
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@ -4,22 +4,20 @@ NIP-72
Moderated Communities (Reddit Style)
------------------------------------
`draft` `optional` `author:vitorpamplona` `author:arthurfranca`
`draft` `optional`
The goal of this NIP is to create moderator-approved public communities around a topic. It defines the replaceable event `kind:34550` to define the community and the current list of moderators/administrators. Users that want to post into the community, simply tag any Nostr event with the community's `a` tag. Moderators issue an approval event `kind:4550` that links the community with the new post.
# Community Definition
`Kind:34550` SHOULD include any field that helps define the community and the set of moderators. `relay` tags MAY be used to describe the preferred relay to download requests and approvals.
`kind:34550` SHOULD include any field that helps define the community and the set of moderators. `relay` tags MAY be used to describe the preferred relay to download requests and approvals.
```json
```jsonc
{
"id": "<32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded SHA-256 of the the serialized event data>",
"pubkey": "<32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded public key of the event creator>",
"created_at": <Unix timestamp in seconds>,
"kind": 34550,
"tags": [
["d", "<Community name>"],
["d", "<community-d-identifier>"],
["description", "<Community description>"],
["image", "<Community image url>", "<Width>x<Height>"],
@ -35,24 +33,23 @@ The goal of this NIP is to create moderator-approved public communities around a
["relay", "<relay where to send and receive requests>", "requests"],
["relay", "<relay where to send and receive approvals>", "approvals"],
["relay", "<relay where to post requests to and fetch approvals from>"]
]
],
...
}
```
# New Post Request
Any Nostr event can be a post request. Clients MUST add the community's `a` tag to the new post event in order to be presented for the moderator's approval.
Any Nostr event can be submitted to a community by anyone for approval. Clients MUST add the community's `a` tag to the new post event in order to be presented for the moderator's approval.
```json
```jsonc
{
"id": "<32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded SHA-256 of the the serialized event data>",
"pubkey": "<32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded public key of the event creator>",
"created_at": <Unix timestamp in seconds>,
"kind": 1,
"tags": [
["a", "34550:<Community event author pubkey>:<d-identifier of the community>", "<Optional relay url>"],
["a", "34550:<community event author pubkey>:<community-d-identifier>", "<optional-relay-url>"],
],
"content": "<My content>"
"content": "hello world",
// ...
}
```
@ -62,19 +59,18 @@ Community management clients MAY filter all mentions to a given `kind:34550` eve
The post-approval event MUST include `a` tags of the communities the moderator is posting into (one or more), the `e` tag of the post and `p` tag of the author of the post (for approval notifications). The event SHOULD also include the stringified `post request` event inside the `.content` ([NIP-18-style](18.md)) and a `k` tag with the original post's event kind to allow filtering of approved posts by kind.
```json
```jsonc
{
"id": "<32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded SHA-256 of the the serialized event data>",
"pubkey": "<32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded public key of the event creator>",
"created_at": <Unix timestamp in seconds>,
"kind": 4550,
"tags": [
["a", "34550:<Community event author pubkey>:<d-identifier of the community>", "<Optional relay url>"],
["e", "<Post Request ID>", "<Optional relay url>"],
["p", "<Post Request Author ID>", "<Optional relay url>"],
["k", "<New Post Request kind>"],
["a", "34550:<event-author-pubkey>:<community-d-identifier>", "<optional-relay-url>"],
["e", "<post-id>", "<optional-relay-url>"],
["p", "<port-author-pubkey>", "<optional-relay-url>"],
["k", "<post-request-kind>"]
],
"content": "<New Post Request JSON>"
"content": "<the full approved event, JSON-encoded>",
// ...
}
```
@ -90,12 +86,16 @@ Community clients SHOULD display posts that have been approved by at least 1 mod
The following filter displays the approved posts.
```js
{
"authors": ["<Author pubkey>", "<Moderator1 pubkey>", "<Moderator2 pubkey>", "<Moderator3 pubkey>", ...],
```json
[
"REQ",
"_",
{
"authors": ["<owner-pubkey>", "<moderator1-pubkey>", "<moderator2-pubkey>", "<moderator3-pubkey>", ...],
"kinds": [4550],
"#a": ["34550:<Community event author pubkey>:<d-identifier of the community>"],
}
}
]
```
Clients MAY hide approvals by blocked moderators at the user's request.

23
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@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
# NIP-75
NIP-75
======
## Zap Goals
Zap Goals
---------
`draft` `optional` `author:verbiricha`
`draft` `optional`
This NIP defines an event for creating fundraising goals. Users can contribute funds towards the goal by zapping the goal event.
@ -27,12 +29,14 @@ Example event:
["amount", "210000"],
],
"content": "Nostrasia travel expenses",
...other fields
...
```
The following tags are OPTIONAL.
- `closed_at` - timestamp for determining which zaps are included in the tally. Zap receipts published after the `closed_at` timestamp SHOULD NOT count towards the goal progress.
- `image` - an image for the goal
- `summary` - a brief description
```json
{
@ -41,9 +45,12 @@ The following tags are OPTIONAL.
["relays", "wss://alicerelay.example.com", "wss://bobrelay.example.com", ...],
["amount", "210000"],
["closed_at", "<unix timestamp in seconds>"],
["image", "<image URL>"],
["summary", "<description of the goal>"],
],
"content": "Nostrasia travel expenses",
...other fields
...
}
```
The goal MAY include an `r` or `a` tag linking to a URL or parameterized replaceable event.
@ -54,12 +61,14 @@ Parameterized replaceable events can link to a goal by using a `goal` tag specif
```json
{
"kind": 3XXXX,
...
"kind": 3xxxx,
"tags": [
...
["goal", "<event id>", "<Relay URL (optional)>"],
],
...other fields
...
}
```
## Client behavior

2
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ NIP-78
Arbitrary custom app data
-------------------------
`draft` `optional` `author:sandwich` `author:fiatjaf`
`draft` `optional`
The goal of this NIP is to enable [remoteStorage](https://remotestorage.io/)-like capabilities for custom applications that do not care about interoperability.

42
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@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
NIP-84
======
Highlights
----------
`draft` `optional`
This NIP defines `kind:9802`, a "highlight" event, to signal content a user finds valuable.
## Format
The `.content` of these events is the highlighted portion of the text.
`.content` might be empty for highlights of non-text based media (e.g. NIP-94 audio/video).
### References
Events SHOULD tag the source of the highlight, whether nostr-native or not.
`a` or `e` tags should be used for nostr events and `r` tags for URLs.
When tagging a URL, clients generating these events SHOULD do a best effort of cleaning the URL from trackers
or obvious non-useful information from the query string.
### Attribution
Clients MAY include one or more `p` tags, tagging the original authors of the material being highlighted; this is particularly
useful when highlighting non-nostr content for which the client might be able to get a nostr pubkey somehow
(e.g. prompting the user or reading a `<meta name="nostr:nprofile1..." />` tag on the document). A role MAY be included as the
last value of the tag.
```json
{
"tags": [
["p", "<pubkey-hex>", "<relay-url>", "author"],
["p", "<pubkey-hex>", "<relay-url>", "author"],
["p", "<pubkey-hex>", "<relay-url>", "editor"]
],
...
}
```
### Context
Clients MAY include a `context` tag, useful when the highlight is a subset of a paragraph and displaying the
surrounding content might be beneficial to give context to the highlight.

79
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@ -4,15 +4,17 @@ NIP-89
Recommended Application Handlers
--------------------------------
`draft` `optional` `author:pablof7z`
`draft` `optional`
This NIP describes `kind:31989` and `kind:31990`: a way to discover applications that can handle unknown event-kinds.
## Rationale
Nostr's discoverability and transparent event interaction is one of its most interesting/novel mechanics.
This NIP provides a simple way for clients to discover applications that handle events of a specific kind to ensure smooth cross-client and cross-kind interactions.
### Parties involved
There are three actors to this workflow:
* application that handles a specific event kind (note that an application doesn't necessarily need to be a distinct entity and it could just be the same pubkey as user A)
@ -22,17 +24,17 @@ There are three actors to this workflow:
* user B, who seeks a recommendation for an app that handles a specific event kind
* Queries for `kind:31989` and, based on results, queries for `kind:31990`
# Events
## Events
## Recommendation event
### Recommendation event
```json
{
"kind": 31989,
"pubkey": <recommender-user-pubkey>,
"tags": [
[ "d", <supported-event-kind> ],
[ "a", "31990:app1-pubkey:<d-identifier>", "wss://relay1", "ios" ],
[ "a", "31990:app2-pubkey:<d-identifier>", "wss://relay2", "web" ]
["d", <supported-event-kind>],
["a", "31990:app1-pubkey:<d-identifier>", "wss://relay1", "ios"],
["a", "31990:app2-pubkey:<d-identifier>", "wss://relay2", "web"]
]
}
```
@ -48,69 +50,82 @@ The third value of the tag SHOULD be the platform where this recommendation migh
```json
{
"kind": 31990,
"pubkey": <pubkey>,
"pubkey": "<application-pubkey>",
"content": "<optional-kind:0-style-metadata>",
"tags": [
[ "d", <random-id> ],
[ "k", <supported-event-kind> ],
[ "web", "https://..../a/<bech32>", "nevent" ],
[ "web", "https://..../p/<bech32>", "nprofile" ],
[ "web", "https://..../e/<bech32>" ],
[ "ios", ".../<bech32>" ]
["d", <random-id>],
["k", <supported-event-kind>],
["web", "https://..../a/<bech32>", "nevent"],
["web", "https://..../p/<bech32>", "nprofile"],
["web", "https://..../e/<bech32>"],
["ios", ".../<bech32>"]
]
}
```
* `content` is an optional `metadata`-like stringified JSON object, as described in NIP-01. This content is useful when the pubkey creating the `kind:31990` is not an application. If `content` is empty, the `kind:0` of the pubkey should be used to display application information (e.g. name, picture, web, LUD16, etc.)
* `k` tags' value is the event kind that is supported by this `kind:31990`.
Using a `k` tag(s) (instead of having the kind onf the NIP-33 `d` tag) provides:
Using a `k` tag(s) (instead of having the kind of the `d` tag) provides:
* Multiple `k` tags can exist in the same event if the application supports more than one event kind and their handler URLs are the same.
* The same pubkey can have multiple events with different apps that handle the same event kind.
* `bech32` in a URL MUST be replaced by clients with the NIP-19-encoded entity that should be loaded by the application.
Multiple tags might be registered by the app, following NIP-19 nomenclature as the second value of the array.
A tag without a second value in the array SHOULD be considered a generic handler for any NIP-19 entity that is not handled by a different tag.
# User flow
# Client tag
When publishing events, clients MAY include a `client` tag. Identifying the client that published the note. This tag is a tuple of `name`, `address` identifying a handler event and, a relay `hint` for finding the handler event. This has privacy implications for users, so clients SHOULD allow users to opt-out of using this tag.
```json
{
"kind": 1,
"tags": [
["client", "My Client", "31990:app1-pubkey:<d-identifier>", "wss://relay1"]
]
...
}
```
## User flow
A user A who uses a non-`kind:1`-centric nostr app could choose to announce/recommend a certain kind-handler application.
When user B sees an unknown event kind, e.g. in a social-media centric nostr client, the client would allow user B to interact with the unknown-kind event (e.g. tapping on it).
The client MIGHT query for the user's and the user's follows handler.
# Example
## Example
## User A recommends a `kind:31337`-handler
### User A recommends a `kind:31337`-handler
User A might be a user of Zapstr, a `kind:31337`-centric client (tracks). Using Zapstr, user A publishes an event recommending Zapstr as a `kind:31337`-handler.
```json
{
"kind": 31989,
"tags": [
[ "d", "31337" ],
[ "a", "31990:1743058db7078661b94aaf4286429d97ee5257d14a86d6bfa54cb0482b876fb0:abcd", <relay-url>, "web" ]
]
["d", "31337"],
["a", "31990:1743058db7078661b94aaf4286429d97ee5257d14a86d6bfa54cb0482b876fb0:abcd", <relay-url>, "web"]
],
...
}
```
## User B interacts with a `kind:31337`-handler
User B might see in their timeline an event referring to a `kind:31337` event
(e.g. a `kind:1` tagging a `kind:31337`).
### User B interacts with a `kind:31337`-handler
User B might see in their timeline an event referring to a `kind:31337` event (e.g. a `kind:1` tagging a `kind:31337`).
User B's client, not knowing how to handle a `kind:31337` might display the event
using its `alt` tag (as described in NIP-31). When the user clicks on the event,
the application queries for a handler for this `kind`:
User B's client, not knowing how to handle a `kind:31337` might display the event using its `alt` tag (as described in NIP-31). When the user clicks on the event, the application queries for a handler for this `kind`:
`["REQ", <id>, '[{ "kinds": [31989], "#d": ["31337"], 'authors': [<user>, <users-contact-list>] }]']`
```json
["REQ", <id>, '[{ "kinds": [31989], "#d": ["31337"], 'authors': [<user>, <users-contact-list>] }]']
```
User B, who follows User A, sees that `kind:31989` event and fetches the `a`-tagged event for the app and handler information.
User B's client sees the application's `kind:31990` which includes the information to redirect the user to the relevant URL with the desired entity replaced in the URL.
## Alternative query bypassing `kind:31989`
Alternatively, users might choose to query directly for `kind:31990` for an event kind. Clients SHOULD be careful doing this and use spam-prevention mechanisms to avoid directing users to malicious handlers.
### Alternative query bypassing `kind:31989`
Alternatively, users might choose to query directly for `kind:31990` for an event kind. Clients SHOULD be careful doing this and use spam-prevention mechanisms or querying high-quality restricted relays to avoid directing users to malicious handlers.
`["REQ", <id>, '[{ "kinds": [31990], "#k": [<desired-event-kind>], 'authors': [...] }]']`
```json
["REQ", <id>, '[{ "kinds": [31990], "#k": [<desired-event-kind>], 'authors': [...] }]']
```

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NIP-90
======
Data Vending Machine
--------------------
`draft` `optional`
This NIP defines the interaction between customers and Service Providers for performing on-demand computation.
Money in, data out.
## Kinds
This NIP reserves the range `5000-7000` for data vending machine use.
| Kind | Description |
| ---- | ----------- |
| 5000-5999 | Job request kinds |
| 6000-6999 | Job result |
| 7000 | Job feedback |
Job results always use a kind number that is `1000` higher than the job request kind. (e.g. request: `kind:5001` gets a result: `kind:6001`).
Job request types are defined [separately](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/data-vending-machines/tree/master/kinds).
## Rationale
Nostr can act as a marketplace for data processing, where users request jobs to be processed in certain ways (e.g., "speech-to-text", "summarization", etc.), but they don't necessarily care about "who" processes the data.
This NIP is not to be confused with a 1:1 marketplace; instead, it describes a flow where a user announces a desired output, willingness to pay, and service providers compete to fulfill the job requirement in the best way possible.
### Actors
There are two actors in the workflow described in this NIP:
* Customers (npubs who request a job)
* Service providers (npubs who fulfill jobs)
## Job request (`kind:5000-5999`)
A request to process data, published by a customer. This event signals that a customer is interested in receiving the result of some kind of compute.
```json
{
"kind": 5xxx, // kind in 5000-5999 range
"content": "",
"tags": [
[ "i", "<data>", "<input-type>", "<relay>", "<marker>" ],
[ "output", "<mime-type>" ],
[ "relays", "wss://..." ],
[ "bid", "<msat-amount>" ],
[ "t", "bitcoin" ]
]
}
```
All tags are optional.
* `i` tag: Input data for the job (zero or more inputs)
* `<data>`: The argument for the input
* `<input-type>`: The way this argument should be interpreted. MUST be one of:
* `url`: A URL to be fetched of the data that should be processed.
* `event`: A Nostr event ID.
* `job`: The output of a previous job with the specified event ID. The dermination of which output to build upon is up to the service provider to decide (e.g. waiting for a signaling from the customer, waiting for a payment, etc.)
* `text`: `<data>` is the value of the input, no resolution is needed
* `<relay>`: If `event` or `job` input-type, the relay where the event/job was published, otherwise optional or empty string
* `<marker>`: An optional field indicating how this input should be used within the context of the job
* `output`: Expected output format. Different job request `kind` defines this more precisely.
* `param`: Optional parameters for the job as key (first argument)/value (second argument). Different job request `kind` defines this more precisely. (e.g. `[ "param", "lang", "es" ]`)
* `bid`: Customer MAY specify a maximum amount (in millisats) they are willing to pay
* `relays`: List of relays where Service Providers SHOULD publish responses to
* `p`: Service Providers the customer is interested in. Other SPs MIGHT still choose to process the job
## Encrypted Params
If the user wants to keep the input parameters a secret, they can encrypt the `i` and `param` tags with the service provider's 'p' tag and add it to the content field. Add a tag `encrypted` as tags. Encryption for private tags will use [NIP-04 - Encrypted Direct Message encryption](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/04.md), using the user's private and service provider's public key for the shared secret
```json
[
["i", "what is the capital of France? ", "text"],
["param", "model", "LLaMA-2"],
["param", "max_tokens", "512"],
["param", "temperature", "0.5"],
["param", "top-k", "50"],
["param", "top-p", "0.7"],
["param", "frequency_penalty", "1"]
]
```
This param data will be encrypted and added to the `content` field and `p` tag should be present
```json
{
"content": "BE2Y4xvS6HIY7TozIgbEl3sAHkdZoXyLRRkZv4fLPh3R7LtviLKAJM5qpkC7D6VtMbgIt4iNcMpLtpo...",
"tags": [
["p", "04f74530a6ede6b24731b976b8e78fb449ea61f40ff10e3d869a3030c4edc91f"],
["encrypted"]
],
...
}
```
## Job result (`kind:6000-6999`)
Service providers publish job results, providing the output of the job result. They should tag the original job request event id as well as the customer's pubkey.
```json
{
"pubkey": "<service-provider pubkey>",
"content": "<payload>",
"kind": 6xxx,
"tags": [
["request", "<job-request>"],
["e", "<job-request-id>", "<relay-hint>"],
["i", "<input-data>"],
["p", "<customer's-pubkey>"],
["amount", "requested-payment-amount", "<optional-bolt11>"]
],
...
}
```
* `request`: The job request event stringified-JSON.
* `amount`: millisats that the Service Provider is requesting to be paid. An optional third value can be a bolt11 invoice.
* `i`: The original input(s) specified in the request.
## Encrypted Output
If the request has encrypted params, then output should be encrypted and placed in `content` field. If the output is encrypted, then avoid including `i` tag with input-data as clear text.
Add a tag encrypted to mark the output content as `encrypted`
```json
{
"pubkey": "<service-provider pubkey>",
"content": "<encrypted payload>",
"kind": 6xxx,
"tags": [
["request", "<job-request>"],
["e", "<job-request-id>", "<relay-hint>"],
["p", "<customer's-pubkey>"],
["amount", "requested-payment-amount", "<optional-bolt11>"],
["encrypted"]
],
...
}
```
## Job feedback
Service providers can give feedback about a job back to the customer.
```json
{
"kind": 7000,
"content": "<empty-or-payload>",
"tags": [
["status", "<status>", "<extra-info>"],
["amount", "requested-payment-amount", "<bolt11>"],
["e", "<job-request-id>", "<relay-hint>"],
["p", "<customer's-pubkey>"],
],
...
}
```
* `content`: Either empty or a job-result (e.g. for partial-result samples)
* `amount` tag: as defined in the [Job Result](#job-result) section.
* `status` tag: Service Providers SHOULD indicate what this feedback status refers to. [Appendix 1](#appendix-1-job-feedback-status) defines status. Extra human-readable information can be added as an extra argument.
* NOTE: If the input params requires input to be encrypted, then `content` field will have encrypted payload with `p` tag as key.
### Job feedback status
| status | description |
| -------- | ------------- |
| `payment-required` | Service Provider requires payment before continuing. |
| `processing` | Service Provider is processing the job. |
| `error` | Service Provider was unable to process the job. |
| `success` | Service Provider successfully processed the job. |
| `partial` | Service Provider partially processed the job. The `.content` might include a sample of the partial results. |
Any job feedback event MIGHT include results in the `.content` field, as described in the [Job Result](#job-result) section. This is useful for service providers to provide a sample of the results that have been processed so far.
# Protocol Flow
* Customer publishes a job request (e.g. `kind:5000` speech-to-text).
* Service Providers MAY submit `kind:7000` job-feedback events (e.g. `payment-required`, `processing`, `error`, etc.).
* Upon completion, the service provider publishes the result of the job with a `kind:6000` job-result event.
* At any point, if there is an `amount` pending to be paid as instructed by the service provider, the user can pay the included `bolt11` or zap the job result event the service provider has sent to the user
Job feedback (`kind:7000`) and Job Results (`kind:6000-6999`) events MAY include an `amount` tag, this can be interpreted as a suggestion to pay. Service Providers MUST use the `payment-required` feedback event to signal that a payment is required and no further actions will be performed until the payment is sent.
Customers can always either pay the included `bolt11` invoice or zap the event requesting the payment and service providers should monitor for both if they choose to include a bolt11 invoice.
## Notes about the protocol flow
The flow is deliberately ambiguous, allowing vast flexibility for the interaction between customers and service providers so that service providers can model their behavior based on their own decisions/perceptions of risk.
Some service providers might choose to submit a `payment-required` as the first reaction before sending a `processing` or before delivering results, some might choose to serve partial results for the job (e.g. a sample), send a `payment-required` to deliver the rest of the results, and some service providers might choose to assess likelihood of payment based on an npub's past behavior and thus serve the job results before requesting payment for the best possible UX.
It's not up to this NIP to define how individual vending machines should choose to run their business.
# Cancellation
A job request might be cancelled by publishing a `kind:5` delete request event tagging the job request event.
# Appendix 1: Job chaining
A Customer MAY request multiple jobs to be processed as a chain, where the output of a job is the input of another job. (e.g. podcast transcription -> summarization of the transcription). This is done by specifying as input an event id of a different job with the `job` type.
Service Providers MAY begin processing a subsequent job the moment they see the prior job's result, but they will likely wait for a zap to be published first. This introduces a risk that Service Provider of job #1 might delay publishing the zap event in order to have an advantage. This risk is up to Service Providers to mitigate or to decide whether the service provider of job #1 tends to have good-enough results so as to not wait for an explicit zap to assume the job was accepted.
This gives a higher level of flexibility to service providers (which sophisticated service providers would take anyway).
# Appendix 2: Service provider discoverability
Service Providers MAY use NIP-89 announcements to advertise their support for job kinds:
```js
{
"kind": 31990,
"pubkey": "<pubkey>",
"content": "{
\"name\": \"Translating DVM\",
\"about\": \"I'm a DVM specialized in translating Bitcoin content.\"
}",
"tags": [
["k", "5005"], // e.g. translation
["t", "bitcoin"] // e.g. optionally advertises it specializes in bitcoin audio transcription that won't confuse "Drivechains" with "Ridechains"
],
...
}
```
Customers can use NIP-89 to see what service providers their follows use.

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NIP-92
======
Media Attachments
-----------------
Media attachments (images, videos, and other files) may be added to events by including a URL in the event content, along with a matching `imeta` tag.
`imeta` ("inline metadata") tags add information about media URLs in the event's content. Each `imeta` tag SHOULD match a URL in the event content. Clients may replace imeta URLs with rich previews.
The `imeta` tag is variadic, and each entry is a space-delimited key/value pair.
Each `imeta` tag MUST have a `url`, and at least one other field. `imeta` may include
any field specified by [NIP 94](./94.md). There SHOULD be only one `imeta` tag per URL.
## Example
```json
{
"content": "More image metadata tests don’t mind me https://nostr.build/i/my-image.jpg",
"kind": 1,
"tags": [
[
"imeta",
"url https://nostr.build/i/my-image.jpg",
"m image/jpeg",
"blurhash eVF$^OI:${M{o#*0-nNFxakD-?xVM}WEWB%iNKxvR-oetmo#R-aen$",
"dim 3024x4032",
"alt A scenic photo overlooking the coast of Costa Rica",
"x <sha256 hash as specified in NIP 94>",
"fallback https://nostrcheck.me/alt1.jpg",
"fallback https://void.cat/alt1.jpg"
]
]
}
```
## Recommended client behavior
When uploading files during a new post, clients MAY include this metadata
after the file is uploaded and included in the post.
When pasting URLs during post composition, the client MAY download the file
and add this metadata before the post is sent.

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File Metadata
-------------
`draft` `optional` `author:frbitten` `author:kieran` `author:lovvtide` `author:fiatjaf` `author:staab`
`draft` `optional`
The purpose of this NIP is to allow an organization and classification of shared files. So that relays can filter and organize in any way that is of interest. With that, multiple types of filesharing clients can be created. NIP-94 support is not expected to be implemented by "social" clients that deal with kind:1 notes or by longform clients that deal with kind:30023 articles.
The purpose of this NIP is to allow an organization and classification of shared files. So that relays can filter and organize in any way that is of interest. With that, multiple types of filesharing clients can be created. NIP-94 support is not expected to be implemented by "social" clients that deal with `kind:1` notes or by longform clients that deal with `kind:30023` articles.
## Event format
This NIP specifies the use of the `1063` event type, having in `content` a description of the file content, and a list of tags described below:
* `url` the url to download the file
* `m` a string indicating the data type of the file. The MIME types format must be used (https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Basics_of_HTTP/MIME_types/Common_types)
* `"aes-256-gcm"` (optional) key and nonce for AES-GCM encryption with tagSize always 128bits
* `m` a string indicating the data type of the file. The [MIME types](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Basics_of_HTTP/MIME_types/Common_types) format must be used, and they should be lowercase.
* `x` containing the SHA-256 hexencoded string of the file.
* `ox` containing the SHA-256 hexencoded string of the original file, before any transformations done by the upload server
* `size` (optional) size of file in bytes
* `dim` (optional) size of file in pixels in the form `<width>x<height>`
* `magnet` (optional) URI to magnet file
* `i` (optional) torrent infohash
* `blurhash`(optional) the [blurhash](https://github.com/woltapp/blurhash) to show while the file is being loaded by the client
* `thumb` (optional) url of thumbnail with same aspect ratio
* `image` (optional) url of preview image with same dimensions
* `summary` (optional) text excerpt
* `alt` (optional) description for accessibility
* `fallback` (optional) zero or more fallback file sources in case `url` fails
```json
{
"id": <32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded sha256 of the the serialized event data>,
"pubkey": <32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded public key of the event creator>,
"created_at": <unix timestamp in seconds>,
"kind": 1063,
"tags": [
["url",<string with URI of file>],
["aes-256-gcm",<key>, <iv>],
["m", <MIME type>],
["x",<Hash SHA-256>],
["ox",<Hash SHA-256>],
["size", <size of file in bytes>],
["dim", <size of file in pixels>],
["magnet",<magnet URI> ],
["i",<torrent infohash>],
["blurhash", <value>]
["blurhash", <value>],
["thumb", <string with thumbnail URI>],
["image", <string with preview URI>],
["summary", <excerpt>],
["alt", <description>]
],
"content": <description>,
"sig": <64-bytes hex of the signature of the sha256 hash of the serialized event data, which is the same as the "id" field>
"content": "<caption>",
...
}
```

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NIP-96
======
HTTP File Storage Integration
-----------------------------
`draft` `optional`
## Introduction
This NIP defines a REST API for HTTP file storage servers intended to be used in conjunction with the nostr network.
The API will enable nostr users to upload files and later reference them by url on nostr notes.
The spec DOES NOT use regular nostr events through websockets for
storing, requesting nor retrieving data because, for simplicity, the server
will not have to learn anything about nostr relays.
## Server Adaptation
File storage servers wishing to be accessible by nostr users should opt-in by making available an https route at `/.well-known/nostr/nip96.json` with `api_url`:
```js
{
// Required
// File upload and deletion are served from this url
// Also downloads if "download_url" field is absent or empty string
"api_url": "https://your-file-server.example/custom-api-path",
// Optional
// If absent, downloads are served from the api_url
"download_url": "https://a-cdn.example/a-path",
// Optional
// Note: This field is not meant to be set by HTTP Servers.
// Use this if you are a nostr relay using your /.well-known/nostr/nip96.json
// just to redirect to someone else's http file storage server's /.well-known/nostr/nip96.json
// In this case, "api_url" field must be an empty string
"delegated_to_url": "https://your-file-server.example",
// Optional
"supported_nips": [60],
// Optional
"tos_url": "https://your-file-server.example/terms-of-service",
// Optional
"content_types": ["image/jpeg", "video/webm", "audio/*"],
// Optional
"plans": {
// "free" is the only standardized plan key and
// clients may use its presence to learn if server offers free storage
"free": {
"name": "Free Tier",
// Default is true
// All plans MUST support NIP-98 uploads
// but some plans may also allow uploads without it
"is_nip98_required": true,
"url": "https://...", // plan's landing page if there is one
"max_byte_size": 10485760,
// Range in days / 0 for no expiration
// [7, 0] means it may vary from 7 days to unlimited persistence,
// [0, 0] means it has no expiration
// early expiration may be due to low traffic or any other factor
"file_expiration": [14, 90],
"media_transformations": {
"image": [
'resizing'
]
}
}
}
}
```
### Relay Hints
Note: This section is not meant to be used by HTTP Servers.
A nostr relay MAY redirect to someone else's HTTP file storage server by
adding a `/.well-known/nostr/nip96.json` with "delegated_to_url" field
pointing to the url where the server hosts its own
`/.well-known/nostr/nip96.json`. In this case, the "api_url" field must
be an empty string and all other fields must be absent.
If the nostr relay is also an HTTP file storage server,
it must use the "api_url" field instead.
### List of Supporting File Storage Servers
| Name | Domain |
| ------------- | ------------------------- |
| nostrcheck.me | https://nostrcheck.me |
| nostrage | https://nostrage.com |
| sove | https://sove.rent |
| nostr.build | https://nostr.build |
| sovbit | https://files.sovbit.host |
| void.cat | https://void.cat |
## Upload
A file can be uploaded one at a time to `https://your-file-server.example/custom-api-path` (route from `https://your-file-server.example/.well-known/nostr/nip96.json` "api_url" field) as `multipart/form-data` content type using `POST` method with the file object set to the `file` form data field.
`Clients` must add an [NIP-98](98.md) `Authorization` header (**optionally** with the encoded `payload` tag set to the base64-encoded 256-bit SHA-256 hash of the file - not the hash of the whole request body).
If using an html form, use an `Authorization` form data field instead.
These following **optional** form data fields MAY be used by `servers` and SHOULD be sent by `clients`:
- `expiration`: string of the UNIX timestamp in seconds. Empty string if file should be stored forever. The server isn't required to honor this;
- `size`: string of the file byte size. This is just a value the server can use to reject early if the file size exceeds the server limits;
- `alt`: (recommended) strict description text for visibility-impaired users;
- `caption`: loose description;
- `media_type`: "avatar" or "banner". Informs the server if the file will be used as an avatar or banner. If absent, the server will interpret it as a normal upload, without special treatment;
- `content_type`: mime type such as "image/jpeg". This is just a value the server can use to reject early if the mime type isn't supported.
Others custom form data fields may be used depending on specific `server` support.
The `server` isn't required to store any metadata sent by `clients`.
Note for `clients`: if using an HTML form, it is important for the `file` form field to be the **last** one, or be re-ordered right before sending or be appended as the last field of XHR2's FormData object.
The `filename` embedded in the file may not be honored by the `server`, which could internally store just the SHA-256 hash value as the file name, ignoring extra metadata.
The hash is enough to uniquely identify a file, that's why it will be used on the "download" and "delete" routes.
The `server` MUST link the user's `pubkey` string (which is embedded in the decoded header value) as the owner of the file so to later allow them to delete the file.
Note that if a file with the same hash of a previously received file (so the same file) is uploaded by another user, the server doesn't need to store the new file.
It should just add the new user's `pubkey` to the list of the owners of the already stored file with said hash (if it wants to save space by keeping just one copy of the same file, because multiple uploads of the same file results in the same file hash).
The `server` MAY also store the `Authorization` header/field value (decoded or not) for accountability purpose as this proves that the user with the unique pubkey did ask for the upload of the file with a specific hash. However, storing the pubkey is sufficient to establish ownership.
The `server` MUST reject with 413 Payload Too Large if file size exceeds limits.
The `server` MUST reject with 400 Bad Request status if some fields are invalid.
The `server` MUST reply to the upload with 200 OK status if the `payload` tag value contains an already used SHA-256 hash (if file is already owned by the same pubkey) or reject the upload with 403 Forbidden status if it isn't the same of the received file.
The `server` MAY reject the upload with 402 Payment Required status if the user has a pending payment (Payment flow is not strictly required. Server owners decide if the storage is free or not. Monetization schemes may be added later to correlated NIPs.).
On successful uploads the `server` MUST reply with **201 Created** HTTP status code or **202 Accepted** if a `processing_url` field is added
to the response so that the `client` can follow the processing status (see [Delayed Processing](#delayed-processing) section).
The upload response is a json object as follows:
```js
{
// "success" if successful or "error" if not
status: "success",
// Free text success, failure or info message
message: "Upload successful.",
// Optional. See "Delayed Processing" section
processing_url: "...",
// This uses the NIP-94 event format but DO NOT need
// to fill some fields like "id", "pubkey", "created_at" and "sig"
//
// This holds the download url ("url"),
// the ORIGINAL file hash before server transformations ("ox")
// and, optionally, all file metadata the server wants to make available
//
// nip94_event field is absent if unsuccessful upload
nip94_event: {
// Required tags: "url" and "ox"
tags: [
// Can be same from /.well-known/nostr/nip96.json's "download_url" field
// (or "api_url" field if "download_url" is absent or empty) with appended
// original file hash.
//
// Note we appended .png file extension to the `ox` value
// (it is optional but extremely recommended to add the extension as it will help nostr clients
// with detecting the file type by using regular expression)
//
// Could also be any url to download the file
// (using or not using the /.well-known/nostr/nip96.json's "download_url" prefix),
// for load balancing purposes for example.
["url", "https://your-file-server.example/custom-api-path/719171db19525d9d08dd69cb716a18158a249b7b3b3ec4bbdec5698dca104b7b.png"],
// SHA-256 hash of the ORIGINAL file, before transformations.
// The server MUST store it even though it represents the ORIGINAL file because
// users may try to download/delete the transformed file using this value
["ox", "719171db19525d9d08dd69cb716a18158a249b7b3b3ec4bbdec5698dca104b7b"],
// Optional. SHA-256 hash of the saved file after any server transformations.
// The server can but does not need to store this value.
["x", "543244319525d9d08dd69cb716a18158a249b7b3b3ec4bbde5435543acb34443"],
// Optional. Recommended for helping clients to easily know file type before downloading it.
["m", "image/png"]
// Optional. Recommended for helping clients to reserve an adequate UI space to show the file before downloading it.
["dim", "800x600"]
// ... other optional NIP-94 tags
],
content: ""
},
// ... other custom fields (please consider adding them to this NIP or to NIP-94 tags)
}
```
Note that if the server didn't apply any transformation to the received file, both `nip94_event.tags.*.ox` and `nip94_event.tags.*.x` fields will have the same value. The server MUST link the saved file to the SHA-256 hash of the **original** file before any server transformations (the `nip94_event.tags.*.ox` tag value). The **original** file's SHA-256 hash will be used to identify the saved file when downloading or deleting it.
`Clients` may upload the same file to one or many `servers`.
After successful upload, the `client` may optionally generate and send to any set of nostr `relays` a [NIP-94](94.md) event by including the missing fields.
Alternatively, instead of using NIP-94, the `client` can share or embed on a nostr note just the above url.
### Delayed Processing
Sometimes the server may want to place the uploaded file in a processing queue for deferred file processing.
In that case, the server MUST serve the original file while the processing isn't done, then swap the original file for the processed one when the processing is over. The upload response is the same as usual but some optional metadata like `nip94_event.tags.*.x` and `nip94_event.tags.*.size` won't be available.
The expected resulting metadata that is known in advance should be returned on the response.
For example, if the file processing would change a file from "jpg" to "webp",
use ".webp" extension on the `nip94_event.tags.*.url` field value and set "image/webp" to the `nip94_event.tags.*.m` field.
If some metadata are unknown before processing ends, omit them from the response.
The upload response MAY include a `processing_url` field informing a temporary url that may be used by clients to check if
the file processing is done.
If the processing isn't done, the server should reply at the `processing_url` url with **200 OK** and the following JSON:
```
{
// It should be "processing". If "error" it would mean the processing failed.
status: "processing",
message: "Processing. Please check again later for updated status.",
percentage: 15 // Processing percentage. An integer between 0 and 100.
}
```
When the processing is over, the server replies at the `processing_url` url with **201 Created** status and a regular successful JSON response already mentioned before (now **without** a `processing_url` field), possibly including optional metadata at `nip94_event.tags.*` fields
that weren't available before processing.
### File compression
File compression and other transformations like metadata stripping can be applied by the server.
However, for all file actions, such as download and deletion, the **original** file SHA-256 hash is what identifies the file in the url string.
## Download
`Servers` must make available the route `https://your-file-server.example/custom-api-path/<sha256-file-hash>(.ext)` (route taken from `https://your-file-server.example/.well-known/nostr/nip96.json` "api_url" or "download_url" field) with `GET` method for file download.
The primary file download url informed at the upload's response field `nip94_event.tags.*.url`
can be that or not (it can be any non-standard url the server wants).
If not, the server still MUST also respond to downloads at the standard url
mentioned on the previous paragraph, to make it possible for a client
to try downloading a file on any NIP-96 compatible server by knowing just the SHA-256 file hash.
Note that the "\<sha256-file-hash\>" part is from the **original** file, **not** from the **transformed** file if the uploaded file went through any server transformation.
Supporting ".ext", meaning "file extension", is required for `servers`. It is optional, although recommended, for `clients` to append it to the path.
When present it may be used by `servers` to know which `Content-Type` header to send (e.g.: "Content-Type": "image/png" for ".png" extension).
The file extension may be absent because the hash is the only needed string to uniquely identify a file.
Example: `https://your-file-server.example/custom-api-path/719171db19525d9d08dd69cb716a18158a249b7b3b3ec4bbdec5698dca104b7b.png`
### Media Transformations
`Servers` may respond to some media transformation query parameters and ignore those they don't support by serving
the original media file without transformations.
#### Image Transformations
##### Resizing
Upon upload, `servers` may create resized image variants, such as thumbnails, respecting the original aspect ratio.
`Clients` may use the `w` query parameter to request an image version with the desired pixel width.
`Servers` can then serve the variant with the closest width to the parameter value
or an image variant generated on the fly.
Example: `https://your-file-server.example/custom-api-path/<sha256-file-hash>.png?w=32`
## Deletion
`Servers` must make available the route `https://deletion.domain/deletion-path/<sha256-file-hash>(.ext)` (route taken from `https://your-file-server.example/.well-known/nostr/nip96.json` "api_url" field) with `DELETE` method for file deletion.
Note that the "\<sha256-file-hash\>" part is from the **original** file, **not** from the **transformed** file if the uploaded file went through any server transformation.
The extension is optional as the file hash is the only needed file identification.
`Clients` should send a `DELETE` request to the server deletion route in the above format. It must include a NIP-98 `Authorization` header.
The `server` should reject deletes from users other than the original uploader. The `pubkey` encoded on the header value identifies the user.
It should be noted that more than one user may have uploaded the same file (with the same hash). In this case, a delete must not really delete the file but just remove the user's `pubkey` from the file owners list (considering the server keeps just one copy of the same file, because multiple uploads of the same file results
in the same file hash).
The successful response is a 200 OK one with just basic JSON fields:
```
{
status: "success",
message: "File deleted."
}
```
## Selecting a Server
Note: HTTP File Storage Server developers may skip this section. This is meant for client developers.
A File Server Preference event is a kind 10096 replaceable event meant to select one or more servers the user wants
to upload files to. Servers are listed as `server` tags:
```js
{
// ...
"kind": 10096,
"content": "",
"tags": [
["server", "https://file.server.one"],
["server", "https://file.server.two"]
]
}
```

26
98.md
View File

@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ NIP-98
======
HTTP Auth
-------------------------
---------
`draft` `optional` `author:kieran` `author:melvincarvalho`
`draft` `optional`
This NIP defines an ephemerial event used to authorize requests to HTTP servers using nostr events.
This NIP defines an ephemeral event used to authorize requests to HTTP servers using nostr events.
This is useful for HTTP services which are build for Nostr and deal with Nostr user accounts.
This is useful for HTTP services which are built for Nostr and deal with Nostr user accounts.
## Nostr event
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ A `kind 27235` (In reference to [RFC 7235](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc723
The `content` SHOULD be empty.
The following tags are defined as REQUIRED.
The following tags MUST be included.
* `u` - absolute URL
* `method` - HTTP Request Method
@ -30,14 +30,8 @@ Example event:
"kind": 27235,
"created_at": 1682327852,
"tags": [
[
"u",
"https://api.snort.social/api/v1/n5sp/list"
],
[
"method",
"GET"
]
["u", "https://api.snort.social/api/v1/n5sp/list"],
["method", "GET"]
],
"sig": "5ed9d8ec958bc854f997bdc24ac337d005af372324747efe4a00e24f4c30437ff4dd8308684bed467d9d6be3e5a517bb43b1732cc7d33949a3aaf86705c22184"
}
@ -45,7 +39,7 @@ Example event:
Servers MUST perform the following checks in order to validate the event:
1. The `kind` MUST be `27235`.
2. The `created_at` MUST be within a reasonable time window (suggestion 60 seconds).
2. The `created_at` timestamp MUST be within a reasonable time window (suggestion 60 seconds).
3. The `u` tag MUST be exactly the same as the absolute request URL (including query parameters).
4. The `method` tag MUST be the same HTTP method used for the requested resource.
@ -53,11 +47,11 @@ When the request contains a body (as in POST/PUT/PATCH methods) clients SHOULD i
If one of the checks was to fail the server SHOULD respond with a 401 Unauthorized response code.
All other checks which server MAY do are OPTIONAL, and implementation specific.
Servers MAY perform additional implementation-specific validation checks.
## Request Flow
Using the `Authorization` header, the `kind 27235` event MUST be `base64` encoded and use the Authorization scheme `Nostr`
Using the `Authorization` HTTP header, the `kind 27235` event MUST be `base64` encoded and use the Authorization scheme `Nostr`
Example HTTP Authorization header:
```

9
99.md
View File

@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
# NIP-99
NIP-99
======
## Classified Listings
Classified Listings
-------------------
`draft` `optional` `author:erskingardner`
`draft` `optional`
This NIP defines `kind:30402`: a parameterized replaceable event to describe classified listings that list any arbitrary product, service, or other thing for sale or offer and includes enough structured metadata to make them useful.
@ -38,6 +40,7 @@ The following tags, used for structured metadata, are standardized and SHOULD be
- `"<number>"` is the amount in numeric format (but included in the tag as a string)
- `"<currency>"` is the currency unit in 3-character ISO 4217 format or ISO 4217-like currency code (e.g. `"btc"`, `"eth"`).
- `"<frequency>"` is optional and can be used to describe recurring payments. SHOULD be in noun format (hour, day, week, month, year, etc.)
- - `"status"` (optional), the status of the listing. SHOULD be either "active" or "sold".
#### `price` examples

110
README.md
View File

@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
# NIPs
NIPs stand for **Nostr Implementation Possibilities**.
They exist to document what may be implemented by [Nostr](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nostr)-compatible _relay_ and _client_ software.
---
- [List](#list)
- [Event Kinds](#event-kinds)
- [Event Kind Ranges](#event-kind-ranges)
- [Message Types](#message-types)
- [Client to Relay](#client-to-relay)
- [Relay to Client](#relay-to-client)
- [Standardized Tags](#standardized-tags)
- [Criteria for acceptance of NIPs](#criteria-for-acceptance-of-nips)
- [Is this repository a centralizing factor?](#is-this-repository-a-centralizing-factor)
- [How this repository works](#how-this-repository-works)
- [License](#license)
---
@ -20,9 +22,9 @@ They exist to document what may be implemented by [Nostr](https://github.com/nos
## List
- [NIP-01: Basic protocol flow description](01.md)
- [NIP-02: Contact List and Petnames](02.md)
- [NIP-02: Follow List](02.md)
- [NIP-03: OpenTimestamps Attestations for Events](03.md)
- [NIP-04: Encrypted Direct Message](04.md)
- [NIP-04: Encrypted Direct Message](04.md) --- **unrecommended**: deprecated in favor of [NIP-44](44.md)
- [NIP-05: Mapping Nostr keys to DNS-based internet identifiers](05.md)
- [NIP-06: Basic key derivation from mnemonic seed phrase](06.md)
- [NIP-07: `window.nostr` capability for web browsers](07.md)
@ -36,8 +38,8 @@ They exist to document what may be implemented by [Nostr](https://github.com/nos
- [NIP-18: Reposts](18.md)
- [NIP-19: bech32-encoded entities](19.md)
- [NIP-21: `nostr:` URI scheme](21.md)
- [NIP-22: Event `created_at` Limits](22.md)
- [NIP-23: Long-form Content](23.md)
- [NIP-24: Extra metadata fields and tags](24.md)
- [NIP-25: Reactions](25.md)
- [NIP-26: Delegated Event Signing](26.md)
- [NIP-27: Text Note References](27.md)
@ -50,10 +52,12 @@ They exist to document what may be implemented by [Nostr](https://github.com/nos
- [NIP-39: External Identities in Profiles](39.md)
- [NIP-40: Expiration Timestamp](40.md)
- [NIP-42: Authentication of clients to relays](42.md)
- [NIP-44: Versioned Encryption](44.md)
- [NIP-45: Counting results](45.md)
- [NIP-46: Nostr Connect](46.md)
- [NIP-47: Wallet Connect](47.md)
- [NIP-48: Proxy Tags](48.md)
- [NIP-49: Private Key Encryption](49.md)
- [NIP-50: Search Capability](50.md)
- [NIP-51: Lists](51.md)
- [NIP-52: Calendar Events](52.md)
@ -61,59 +65,89 @@ They exist to document what may be implemented by [Nostr](https://github.com/nos
- [NIP-56: Reporting](56.md)
- [NIP-57: Lightning Zaps](57.md)
- [NIP-58: Badges](58.md)
- [NIP-59: Gift Wrap](59.md)
- [NIP-65: Relay List Metadata](65.md)
- [NIP-72: Moderated Communities](72.md)
- [NIP-75: Zap Goals](75.md)
- [NIP-78: Application-specific data](78.md)
- [NIP-84: Highlights](84.md)
- [NIP-89: Recommended Application Handlers](89.md)
- [NIP-90: Data Vending Machines](90.md)
- [NIP-92: Media Attachments](92.md)
- [NIP-94: File Metadata](94.md)
- [NIP-96: HTTP File Storage Integration](96.md)
- [NIP-98: HTTP Auth](98.md)
- [NIP-99: Classified Listings](99.md)
## Event Kinds
| kind | description | NIP |
| ------- | -------------------------- | ----------- |
| `0` | Metadata | [1](01.md) |
| `1` | Short Text Note | [1](01.md) |
| `2` | Recommend Relay | |
| `3` | Contacts | [2](02.md) |
| `4` | Encrypted Direct Messages | [4](04.md) |
| `5` | Event Deletion | [9](09.md) |
| ------------- | -------------------------- | ------------------------ |
| `0` | Metadata | [01](01.md) |
| `1` | Short Text Note | [01](01.md) |
| `2` | Recommend Relay | 01 (deprecated) |
| `3` | Follows | [02](02.md) |
| `4` | Encrypted Direct Messages | [04](04.md) |
| `5` | Event Deletion | [09](09.md) |
| `6` | Repost | [18](18.md) |
| `7` | Reaction | [25](25.md) |
| `8` | Badge Award | [58](58.md) |
| `13` | Seal | [59](59.md) |
| `16` | Generic Repost | [18](18.md) |
| `40` | Channel Creation | [28](28.md) |
| `41` | Channel Metadata | [28](28.md) |
| `42` | Channel Message | [28](28.md) |
| `43` | Channel Hide Message | [28](28.md) |
| `44` | Channel Mute User | [28](28.md) |
| `1021` | Bid | [15](15.md) |
| `1022` | Bid confirmation | [15](15.md) |
| `1040` | OpenTimestamps | [03](03.md) |
| `1059` | Gift Wrap | [59](59.md) |
| `1063` | File Metadata | [94](94.md) |
| `1311` | Live Chat Message | [53](53.md) |
| `1971` | Problem Tracker | [nostrocket][nostrocket] |
| `1984` | Reporting | [56](56.md) |
| `1985` | Label | [32](32.md) |
| `4550` | Community Post Approval | [72](72.md) |
| `5000`-`5999` | Job Request | [90](90.md) |
| `6000`-`6999` | Job Result | [90](90.md) |
| `7000` | Job Feedback | [90](90.md) |
| `9041` | Zap Goal | [75](75.md) |
| `9734` | Zap Request | [57](57.md) |
| `9735` | Zap | [57](57.md) |
| `10000` | Mute List | [51](51.md) |
| `10001` | Pin List | [51](51.md) |
| `9802` | Highlights | [84](84.md) |
| `10000` | Mute list | [51](51.md) |
| `10001` | Pin list | [51](51.md) |
| `10002` | Relay List Metadata | [65](65.md) |
| `10003` | Bookmark list | [51](51.md) |
| `10004` | Communities list | [51](51.md) |
| `10005` | Public chats list | [51](51.md) |
| `10006` | Blocked relays list | [51](51.md) |
| `10007` | Search relays list | [51](51.md) |
| `10015` | Interests list | [51](51.md) |
| `10030` | User emoji list | [51](51.md) |
| `10096` | File storage server list | [96](96.md) |
| `13194` | Wallet Info | [47](47.md) |
| `21000` | Lightning Pub RPC | [Lightning.Pub][lnpub] |
| `22242` | Client Authentication | [42](42.md) |
| `23194` | Wallet Request | [47](47.md) |
| `23195` | Wallet Response | [47](47.md) |
| `24133` | Nostr Connect | [46](46.md) |
| `27235` | HTTP Auth | [98](98.md) |
| `30000` | Categorized People List | [51](51.md) |
| `30001` | Categorized Bookmark List | [51](51.md) |
| `30000` | Follow sets | [51](51.md) |
| `30001` | Generic lists | [51](51.md) |
| `30002` | Relay sets | [51](51.md) |
| `30003` | Bookmark sets | [51](51.md) |
| `30004` | Curation sets | [51](51.md) |
| `30008` | Profile Badges | [58](58.md) |
| `30009` | Badge Definition | [58](58.md) |
| `30015` | Interest sets | [51](51.md) |
| `30017` | Create or update a stall | [15](15.md) |
| `30018` | Create or update a product | [15](15.md) |
| `30019` | Marketplace UI/UX | [15](15.md) |
| `30020` | Product sold as an auction | [15](15.md) |
| `30023` | Long-form Content | [23](23.md) |
| `30024` | Draft Long-form Content | [23](23.md) |
| `30030` | Emoji sets | [51](51.md) |
| `30078` | Application-specific Data | [78](78.md) |
| `30311` | Live Event | [53](53.md) |
| `30315` | User Statuses | [38](38.md) |
@ -127,6 +161,8 @@ They exist to document what may be implemented by [Nostr](https://github.com/nos
| `31990` | Handler information | [89](89.md) |
| `34550` | Community Definition | [72](72.md) |
[nostrocket]: https://github.com/nostrocket/NIPS/blob/main/Problems.md
[lnpub]: https://github.com/shocknet/Lightning.Pub/blob/master/proto/autogenerated/client.md
## Message types
@ -148,6 +184,7 @@ They exist to document what may be implemented by [Nostr](https://github.com/nos
| `EVENT` | used to send events requested to clients | [01](01.md) |
| `NOTICE` | used to send human-readable messages to clients | [01](01.md) |
| `OK` | used to notify clients if an EVENT was successful | [01](01.md) |
| `CLOSED` | used to notify clients that a REQ was ended and why | [01](01.md) |
| `AUTH` | used to send authentication challenges | [42](42.md) |
| `COUNT` | used to send requested event counts to clients | [45](45.md) |
@ -156,31 +193,34 @@ Please update these lists when proposing NIPs introducing new event kinds.
## Standardized Tags
| name | value | other parameters | NIP |
| ----------------- | ------------------------------------ | -------------------- | ------------------------ |
| ----------------- | ------------------------------------ | -------------------- | ------------------------------------- |
| `e` | event id (hex) | relay URL, marker | [01](01.md), [10](10.md) |
| `p` | pubkey (hex) | relay URL, petname | [01](01.md), [02](02.md) |
| `a` | coordinates to an event | relay URL | [01](01.md) |
| `d` | identifier | -- | [01](01.md) |
| `alt` | Alt tag | -- | [31](31.md) |
| `g` | geohash | -- | [52](52.md) |
| `i` | identity | proof | [39](39.md) |
| `k` | kind number (string) | -- | [18](18.md), [72](72.md) |
| `k` | kind number (string) | -- | [18](18.md), [25](25.md), [72](72.md) |
| `l` | label, label namespace | annotations | [32](32.md) |
| `L` | label namespace | -- | [32](32.md) |
| `m` | MIME type | -- | [94](94.md) |
| `r` | a reference (URL, etc) | petname | |
| `r` | relay url | marker | [65](65.md) |
| `t` | hashtag | -- | |
| `alt` | summary | -- | [31](31.md) |
| `amount` | millisatoshis, stringified | -- | [57](57.md) |
| `bolt11` | `bolt11` invoice | -- | [57](57.md) |
| `challenge` | challenge string | -- | [42](42.md) |
| `client` | name, address | relay URL | [89](89.md) |
| `content-warning` | reason | -- | [36](36.md) |
| `delegation` | pubkey, conditions, delegation token | -- | [26](26.md) |
| `description` | badge description | -- | [58](58.md) |
| `description` | invoice description | -- | [57](57.md) |
| `description` | invoice/badge description | -- | [57](57.md), [58](58.md) |
| `emoji` | shortcode, image URL | -- | [30](30.md) |
| `encrypted` | -- | -- | [90](90.md) |
| `expiration` | unix timestamp (string) | -- | [40](40.md) |
| `goal` | event id (hex) | relay URL | [75](75.md) |
| `image` | image URL | dimensions in pixels | [23](23.md), [58](58.md) |
| `imeta` | inline metadata | -- | [92](92.md) |
| `lnurl` | `bech32` encoded `lnurl` | -- | [57](57.md) |
| `location` | location string | -- | [52](52.md), [99](99.md) |
| `name` | badge name | -- | [58](58.md) |
@ -191,6 +231,7 @@ Please update these lists when proposing NIPs introducing new event kinds.
| `published_at` | unix timestamp (string) | -- | [23](23.md) |
| `relay` | relay url | -- | [42](42.md) |
| `relays` | relay list | -- | [57](57.md) |
| `server` | file storage server url | -- | [96](96.md) |
| `subject` | subject | -- | [14](14.md) |
| `summary` | article summary | -- | [23](23.md) |
| `thumb` | badge thumbnail | dimensions in pixels | [58](58.md) |
@ -205,21 +246,26 @@ Please update these lists when proposing NIPs introducing new event kinds.
4. There should be no more than one way of doing the same thing.
5. Other rules will be made up when necessary.
## Mailing Lists
## Is this repository a centralizing factor?
The nostr ecosystem is getting large with many different organizations, relays
and clients. Following the nips repo on github is becoming more difficult and
noisy. To coordinate on protocol development outside of github, there are
mailing lists where you can work on NIPs before submitting them here:
To promote interoperability, we standards that everybody can follow, and we need them to define a **single way of doing each thing** without ever hurting **backwards-compatibility**, and for that purpose there is no way around getting everybody to agree on the same thing and keep a centralized index of these standards. However the fact that such index exists doesn't hurt the decentralization of Nostr. _At any point the central index can be challenged if it is failing to fulfill the needs of the protocol_ and it can migrate to other places and be maintained by other people.
* [w3c nostr community group][w3-nostr] - [public-nostr@w3.org][mailto-w3] - requires signup
* [nostr-protocol google group][nostr-google-group] - [nostr-protocol@googlegroups.com][mailto-google] - no signup required
It can even fork into multiple and then some clients would go one way, others would go another way, and some clients would adhere to both competing standards. This would hurt the simplicity, openness and interoperability of Nostr a little, but everything would still work in the short term.
[w3-nostr]: https://www.w3.org/community/nostr/
[mailto-w3]: mailto:public-nostr@w3.org
[nostr-google-group]: https://groups.google.com/g/nostr-protocol
[mailto-google]: mailto:nostr-protocol@googlegroups.com
There is a list of notable Nostr software developers who have commit access to this repository, but that exists mostly for practical reasons, as by the nature of the thing we're dealing with the repository owner can revoke membership and rewrite history as they want -- and if these actions are unjustified or perceived as bad or evil the community must react.
## How this repository works
Standards may emerge in two ways: the first way is that someone starts doing something, then others copy it; the second way is that someone has an idea of a new standard that could benefit multiple clients and the protocol in general without breaking **backwards-compatibility** and the principle of having **a single way of doing things**, then they write that idea and submit it to this repository, other interested parties read it and give their feedback, then once most people reasonably agree we codify that in a NIP which client and relay developers that are interested in the feature can proceed to implement.
These two ways of standardizing things are supported by this repository. Although the second is preferred, an effort will be made to codify standards emerged outside this repository into NIPs that can be later referenced and easily understood and implemented by others -- but obviously as in any human system discretion may be applied when standards are considered harmful.
## License
All NIPs are public domain.
## Contributors
<a align="center" href="https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/graphs/contributors">
<img src="https://contrib.rocks/image?repo=nostr-protocol/nips" />
</a>