robosats/api/nick_generator/nick_generator.py

import hashlib
import time

from .utils import human_format

"""
Deterministic nick generator from SHA256 hash.

It builds Nicknames as:
Adverb + Adjective + Noun + Numeric(0-999)

With the current English dictionaries there
is a total of to 450*4800*12500*1000 =
28 Trillion deterministic nicks
"""


class NickGenerator:
    def __init__(
        self,
        lang="English",
        use_adv=True,
        use_adj=True,
        use_noun=True,
        max_num=999,
        verbose=False,
    ):
        """
        used_adv: bool , True if adverbs are used in the nick.
        used_adj: bool , True if adjectives are used in the nick.
        use_noun: bool , True if nouns are used in the nick.
        max_num: int, max integer to be used in nick (at least 1)
        """
        if lang == "English":
            from .dicts.en.adjectives import adjectives
            from .dicts.en.adverbs import adverbs
            from .dicts.en.nouns import nouns
        elif lang == "Spanish":
            from .dicts.es.adjectives import adjectives
            from .dicts.es.adverbs import adverbs
            from .dicts.es.nouns import nouns
        else:
            raise ValueError("Language not implemented.")

        if verbose:
            print(
                f"{lang} SHA256 Nick Generator initialized with:"
                + f"\nUp to {len(adverbs)} adverbs."
                + f"\nUp to {len(adjectives)} adjectives."
                + f"\nUp to {len(nouns)} nouns."
                + f"\nUp to {max_num+1} numerics.\n"
            )

        self.use_adv = use_adv
        self.use_adj = use_adj
        self.use_noun = use_noun
        self.max_num = max_num
        self.verbose = verbose
        self.adverbs = adverbs
        self.adjectives = adjectives
        self.nouns = nouns

    def from_SHA256(self, hash=None):
        """
        Converts hash to int, min-max scales it
        to the pool size of nicks, uses it as
        index to construct the nick element by
        element.

        hash; SHA256 hash as bytes
        """

        # Get size of dictionaries for each element
        num_adv = len(self.adverbs) if self.use_adv else 1
        num_adj = len(self.adjectives) if self.use_adj else 1
        num_nouns = len(self.nouns) if self.use_noun else 1

        # Compute pool size by combinatorics
        pool_size = self.max_num * num_nouns * num_adj * num_adv

        # Min-Max scale the hash relative to the pool size
        max_int_hash = 2**256
        int_hash = int(hash, 16)
        nick_id = int((int_hash / max_int_hash) * pool_size)

        # Compute adverb id
        if self.use_adv:
            adv_id = int(nick_id / (self.max_num * num_nouns * num_adj))
            adv = self.adverbs[adv_id]
            remainder = nick_id - adv_id * self.max_num * num_nouns * num_adj
            if self.verbose:
                print(f"Adverb: {adv}, id {adv_id}.")
        else:
            adv_id, adv, remainder = 0, "", nick_id

        # Compute adjective id
        if self.use_adj:
            adj_id = int(remainder / (self.max_num * num_nouns))
            adj = self.adjectives[adj_id]
            remainder = remainder - adj_id * self.max_num * num_nouns
            if self.verbose:
                print(f"Adjective: {adj}, id {adj_id}.")
        else:
            adj_id, adj = 0, ""

        # Compute noun id
        if self.use_noun:
            noun_id = int(remainder / self.max_num)
            noun = self.nouns[noun_id]
            if self.verbose:
                print(f"Noun: {noun}, id {noun_id}.\n")
        else:
            noun_id, noun = 0, ""

        # Remainder is the numeric element
        if self.max_num > 0:
            num_id = remainder - noun_id * self.max_num
            number = str(num_id)
        else:
            num_id, number = 0, ""

        # Build nick
        nick = adv + adj + noun + number

        return nick, nick_id, pool_size

    def short_from_SHA256(
        self,
        primer_hash=None,
        max_length=25,
        max_iter=10000,
    ):
        """
        Generates Nicks that are short.

        Iterates trough hashes deterministically
        until it finds a nick that satisfies
        the lenght restriction.
        """
        hash = primer_hash
        i = 0
        while i < max_iter:
            nick, nick_id, pool_size = self.from_SHA256(hash)
            if len(nick) <= max_length:
                return nick, nick_id, pool_size, i
            else:
                string = str(hash) + str(42)
                hash = hashlib.sha256(str.encode(string)).hexdigest()
                i = i + 1
        return "", 0, 0, i

    def compute_pool_size_loss(self, max_length=22, max_iter=1000000, num_runs=5000):
        """
        Computes median an average loss of
        nick pool diversity due to max_lenght
        restrictions.
        """

        import random
        import statistics

        attempts = []
        for i in range(num_runs):

            string = str(random.uniform(0, 1000000))
            hash = hashlib.sha256(str.encode(string)).hexdigest()

            _, _, pool_size, tries = self.short_from_SHA256(hash, max_length)
            attempts.append(tries)

        median = statistics.median(attempts)
        mean = statistics.mean(attempts)

        print(f"\nFor max_length of {max_length}:")
        print(f"Median loss of entropy factor is {median}.")
        print(f"Mean loss of entropy factor is {mean}.")
        print(
            f"Approximate real pool is {human_format( int(pool_size/(mean+1)))} nicks in size."
        )


if __name__ == "__main__":

    # Just for code timming
    t0 = time.time()

    # Hardcoded example text and hashing
    nick_lang = "English"  # Spanish
    hash = hashlib.sha256(b"No one expected such cool nick!!").hexdigest()
    max_length = 22
    max_iter = 100000000

    # Initialized nick generator
    GenNick = NickGenerator(lang=nick_lang)

    # Generates a short nick with length limit from SHA256
    nick, nick_id, pool_size, iterations = GenNick.short_from_SHA256(
        hash, max_length, max_iter
    )

    # Output
    print(
        f"Nick number {nick_id} has been selected among"
        + f" {human_format(pool_size)} possible nicks.\n"
        + f"Needed {iterations} iterations to find one "
        + f"this short.\nYour nick is {nick} !\n"
    )
    print(f"Nick lenght is {len(nick)} characters.")
    print(f"Nick landed at height {nick_id/(pool_size+1)} on the pool.")
    print(f"Took {time.time()-t0} secs.\n")

    # Print many nicks
    import random

    random.seed(1)

    for i in range(100):
        string = str(random.uniform(0, 1000000))
        hash = hashlib.sha256(str.encode(string)).hexdigest()
        print(
            GenNick.short_from_SHA256(hash, max_length=max_length, max_iter=max_iter)[0]
        )

    # Other analysis
    GenNick.compute_pool_size_loss(max_length, max_iter, 200)